Consitutional government, popular vote, trial by jury, public education, labor unions, cooperatives, communes, socialized ownership, world courts, and the veto power in world councils are but a few examples.

During the trial he told off the jury, called them `` Just Asses '' and called a freeman `` a saucy boy and Jack-an-Apes ''.

The accused did not object to the trial court's charge to the jury that discourse `` may constitute a breach of the peace if it stirs the public to anger, invites dispute, brings about a condition of unrest.

-- The FBI yesterday arrested on a perjury charge one of the members of the jury that failed to reach a verdict in the `` Freedom Rider '' bus burning trial four weeks ago.

The first incident occurred before the trial got under way when Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel he had heard reports of jury-tampering efforts.

Then, when the case went to the jury, the judge excused one of the jurors, saying the juror had told him he had been accosted by masked men at his motel the night before the trial opened.

At the opening of the trial, the jury panel was questioned as a group by Mr. Weaver about Ku Klux Klan connections.

After a protracted, hysterical trial scene more notable for the frankness of its language than for dramatic credibility, the jury, to no one's surprise, leaves the legal question unresolved.

In the Gorgias written years later Plato has Socrates contemplating the possibility of himself on trial before the Athenians: he says he would be like a doctor prosecuted by a pastry chef before a jury of children.

Alford was faced with the possibility of capital punishment if convicted by a jury trial.

Most cases that go to trial are carefully prepared through a discovery process that aids in the review of evidence and testimony before it is presented to judge or jury.

* in the United States, determining whether the Seventh Amendment's right to a jury trial applies ( a determination of a fact necessary to resolution of a " common law " claim ) or whether the issue will be decided by a judge ( issues of what the law is, and all issues relating to equity ).

" Nathan Dane, the primary author of the Northwest Ordinance, viewed this provision as a default mechanism in the event that federal or territorial statutes were silent about a particular matter ; he wrote that if " a statute makes an offence, and is silent as to the mode of trial, it shall be by jury, according to the course of the common law.

The clause prevents the newspapers and media from publishing material that is too extreme or sensationalist about a criminal case until the trial is over and the jury has given its verdict.

Cross-examination is considered an essential component of a jury trial because of the impact it has on the opinions of the judge and jury.

" Another key component affecting a trial outcome is the jury selection, in which attorneys will attempt to include jurors from whom they feel they can get a favorable response or at the least unbiased fair decision.

So while there are many factors affecting the outcome of a trial, the cross-examination of a witness will often have an impact on an open minded unbiased jury searching for the certainty of facts upon which to base their decision.

* Civil Rights Act of 1991, providing the right to trial by jury on discrimination claims and introducing the possibility of emotional distress damages, while limiting the amount that a jury could award.

This principle does not prevent the government from appealing a pre-trial motion to dismiss or other non-merits dismissal, or a directed verdict after a jury conviction, nor does it prevent the trial judge from entertaining a motion for reconsideration of a directed verdict, if the jurisdiction has so provided by rule or statute.

The band was charged with " distribution of harmful matter to minors ", but the trial ended with a hung jury.

In August 1987, the criminal trial was submitted to the jury with the two remaining defendants: Jello Biafra and Michael Bonanno ( former Alternative Tentacles label manager ).

In August 1987, the criminal trial ended with a hung jury.

The Civil Rights Act of 1991 expanded the damages available in Title VII cases and granted Title VII plaintiffs the right to a jury trial.

Rumors of the offer Tom Horn had made at the Stockgrowers' Association meeting had leaked out by then, and as a grand jury investigation of the murder got underway, the prosecuting attorney, a Colonel Baird, ordered that the tall stock detective be summoned for questioning.

Though the slave's dying words about the woman troubled the coroner's panel, Dandy's accusation was adjudged an aberration by the jury and disregarded.

Just as I know I would make a bad soldier even though I cannot sincerely call myself a pacifist, so too I would not be either a hangman by profession or, if I could avoid it, even a member of a hanging jury.

The September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr..

Implementation of Georgia's automobile title law was also recommended by the outgoing jury.

The award was made by Judge Fred B. Perkins who heard their petition without a jury by agreement of the parties.

Some examples of reversible error would be erroneously instructing the jury on the law applicable to the case, permitting seriously improper argument by an attorney, admitting or excluding evidence improperly, acting outside the court's jurisdiction, injecting bias into the proceeding or appearing to do so, juror misconduct, etc.

It will generally be phrased as " Prisoner at the Bar, you have been found Guilty by a jury of your peers of the offense of XYZ.

The juries were selected by lot from a panel of 600 jurors, there being 600 jurors from each of the ten tribes of Athens, making a jury pool of 6000 in total.

For particularly important public suits the jury could be increased by adding in extra allotments of 500.

Under this anything passed by the assembly or even proposed but not yet voted on, could be put on hold for review before a jury — which might annul it and perhaps punish the proposer as well.

Henceforth laws were made not in the assembly, but by special panels of 1000 citizens drawn from the annual jury pool of 6000.

According to the 2nd-century AD author Aelian, Aeschylus's younger brother Ameinias helped acquit his brother by showing the jury the stump of the hand that he lost at Salamis, where he was voted bravest warrior.

On November 15, 2007, attention was brought once again to Barry Bonds as he was indicted by a federal grand jury for perjury and obstruction of justice in connection to his testimony before the grand jury regarding the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative ( BALCO ), a San Francisco Bay area lab known to be involved in the distribution of steroids to professional athletes.

Trial by jury began in these courts.

Among many achievements, Henry institutionalized common law by creating a unified system of law " common " to the country through incorporating and elevating local custom to the national, ending local control and peculiarities, eliminating arbitrary remedies and reinstating a jury system – citizens sworn on oath to investigate reliable criminal accusations and civil claims.

That is, he did not claim in any of the four courts through which his case progressed that the jury charge had denied him any federal right.

The City Purchasing Department, the jury said, `` is lacking in experienced clerical personnel as a result of city personnel policies ''.

`` This is one of the major items in the Fulton County general assistance program '', the jury said, but the State Welfare Department `` has seen fit to distribute these funds through the welfare departments of all the counties in the state with the exception of Fulton County, which receives none of this money.

Attorney Dwight L. Schwab, in behalf of defendant Philip Weinstein, argued there is no evidence linking Weinstein to the conspiracy, but Judge Powell declared this is a matter for the jury to decide.

Other witnesses, after appearances before the jury, which reportedly is probing into possible income tax violations, disclosed that government prosecutors were attempting to connect Stein and his company with a number of gangsters, including Glimco and Alex.

The adversarial system ( or adversary system ) is a legal system where two advocates represent their parties ' positions before an impartial person or group of people, usually a jury or judge, who attempt to determine the truth of the case.

Justice is done when the most effective adversary is able to convince the judge or jury that his or her perspective on the case is the correct one.

Other times the witness is just being truthful but undermined for the purpose of casting doubt to the jury and or judge.

The opinions by a jury or judge are often changed during cross examination if doubt is cast on the witness.

Jeopardy " attaches " when the jury is empanelled, the first witness is sworn, or a plea is accepted.

The government is not permitted to appeal or try again after the entry of an acquittal, whether a directed verdict before the case is submitted to the jury, a directed verdict after a deadlocked jury, an appellate reversal for sufficiency ( except by direct appeal to a higher appellate court ), or an " implied acquittal " via conviction of a lesser included offence.