Software limitations may result in its display either in full-sized capitals ( RUN ) or in full-sized capitals of a smaller font ; either is anyway regarded as an acceptable substitute for genuine small caps .</ ref > A related concept is the lemma ( or citation form ), which is a particular form of a lexeme that is chosen by convention to represent a canonical form of a lexeme.

*( 1 ) Division with a hyphen in each of the forms indicates the root or " lexeme ", the portion specific to the particular conjugation, and the ending ( known in Catalan as the " desinènci ", a word most often seen in the plural " desinències ").

Lexeme, in this context, refers to the set of all the forms that have the same meaning, and lemma refers to the particular form that is chosen by convention to represent the lexeme.

For example, the lexeme < span style =" font-variant: small-caps ; text-transform: lowercase "> RUN </ span > has a present third person singular form runs, a present non-third-person singular form run ( which also functions as the past participle and non-finite form ), a past form ran, and a present participle running.

Lexemes may be inflected to express different grammatical categories ; the lexeme run has the forms runs, ran, and running.

* the rate of change is not really constant, but actually depends on the time period during which the word has existed in the language ( i. e. chances of lexeme X being replaced by lexeme Y increase in direct proportion to the time elapsed – the so called " aging of words ", empirically understood as gradual " erosion " of the word's primary meaning under the weight of acquired secondary ones );

* Form, the relation a word has to a lexeme

It had been little in use until the 1940s, but has ever since become highly common, as a lexeme and as an element in new formations, such as raftækni, lit.

In linguistics, a discourse particle is a lexeme or particle which has no direct semantic meaning in the context of a sentence, having rather a pragmatic function: it serves to indicate the speaker's attitude, or to structure their relationship to other participants in a conversation.

* English compounds and compounds in other languages can be written with a space, creating controversy over whether a " word " should be defined by an orthographic word divider or by lexeme status ( whether a compound has an independent entry in a dictionary or lexicon ).

When considered a bad practice of conveying word by word ( lexeme to lexeme, or morpheme to lexeme ) translation of non-technical type literal translations has the meaning of mistranslating idioms, for example, or in the context of translating an analytic language to a synthetic language, it renders even the grammar unintelligible.

Each verb lexeme has a collection of finite and non-finite forms in its conjugation scheme.

Proto-Celtic is reconstructed as having * werbā-' blister ' in its lexicon and the name may be a suffixed form of this lexeme meaning “ blistered one .” On the other hand, the root of the name may represent a Celtic reflex of the Proto-Indo-European root * wer-bhe-‘ bend, turn ,’ cognate with Modern English warp, followed by the durative suffix *- j-and the feminine suffix *- ā-and so might have meant “ she who is constantly bending and turning .” Another possibility is that the name is a compound of Romano-British reflexes of the Proto-Celtic elements ** Uφer-bej-ā-( upper-strike-F ) “ the upper striker .”

As we have seen, cognitive semantics gives a treatment of issues in the construction of meaning both at the level of the sentence and the level of the lexeme in terms of the structure of concepts.

plêionê ), meaning " more ", " plenty ", or " full "— a lexeme with many English derivatives like pleiotropy, pleomorphism, pleonasm, pleonexia, plethora and Pliocene.

Unlike most languages, Kwak ' wala semantic affixes phonologically attach not to the lexeme they pertain to semantically, but to the preceding lexeme.

In linguistics, coercion is when the grammatical context causes the language-user to reinterpret all or parts of the semantic and / or formal features of a lexeme that appears in it.

Informally, word formation rules form " new words " ( that is, new lexemes ), while inflection rules yield variant forms of the " same " word ( lexeme ).

Authoritative scholars on the grounds of the lexeme toitesiai have proposed a theonym ( Coarelli ), a feminine proper name Tuteria ( Peruzzi, Bolelli ), or even a gentilicium, the gens Titur ( n ) ia ( Simon and Elboj ) mentioned by Cicero.

Old English ea and éa became in Early Scots, merging with vowel 2 () or vowel 4 () in Middle Scots depending on dialect or lexeme, except for a few Northern Scots dialects where it became, for example Modern Scots: beard, breid ( bread ), deid ( dead ), deif ( deaf ), heid ( head ), " meat " ( food ), steid ( stead ) and tread from beard, bréad, déad, déaf, héafod, mete, stede and tredan.

* Coercion ( linguistics ), reinterpretation of a lexeme

In most languages, vowels serve mainly to distinguish separate lexemes, rather than different inflectional forms of the same lexeme as they commonly do in the Semitic languages.

Accordingly, the word forms of a lexeme may be arranged conveniently into tables, by classifying them according to shared inflectional categories such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender or case.

A linguistic paradigm is the complete set of related word forms associated with a given lexeme.

For example, in the English language, run, runs, ran and running are forms of the same lexeme, conventionally written as < span style =" font-variant: small-caps ; text-transform: lowercase "> RUN </ span >.< ref >< span style =" font-variant: small-caps ; text-transform: lowercase "> RUN </ span > is here intended to display in small caps.

) The use of the forms of a lexeme is governed by rules of grammar ; in the case of English verbs such as < span style =" font-variant: small-caps ; text-transform: lowercase "> RUN </ span >, these include subject-verb agreement and compound tense rules, which determine which form of a verb can be used in a given sentence.

Some morphological rules relate to different forms of the same lexeme ; while other rules relate to different lexemes.

Part of the conjugation of the Spanish language | Spanish verb correr, " to run ", the lexeme is " corr -".

All the different forms of the same verb constitute a lexeme and the form of the verb that is conventionally used to represent the canonical form of the verb ( one as seen in dictionary entries ) is a lemma.

Since lexicalization may modify lexeme phonologically and morphologically it is possible, that a single etymological source may be borrowed in two or more forms into a single lexicon.

A compound word is a lexeme composed of several pre-existing morphemes.

Because a compound word is composed of established lexeme they are usually easier to acquire than loan words or neologisms.

A lexeme () is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word.

The notion of a lexeme is very central to morphology, and thus, many other notions can be defined in terms of it.

The first sense of " word ", the one in which dog and dogs are " the same word ", is called a lexeme.

Given the notion of a lexeme, it is possible to distinguish two kinds of morphological rules.

In etymology, back-formation is the process of creating a new lexeme, usually by removing actual or supposed affixes.

The Old Indian lexeme occurs in compounds where it means " at will " i. e. Kama-krta, kama-cara, Kama-vritti.

We thus say that dog and dogs are different forms of the same lexeme.

Rather than select a single definition, Gledhill proposes that collocation involves at least three different perspectives: ( i ) cooccurrence, a statistical view, which sees collocation as the recurrent appearance in a text of a node and its collocates, ( ii ) construction, which sees collocation either as a correlation between a lexeme and a lexical-grammatical pattern, or as a relation between a base and its collocative partners and ( iii ) expression, a pragmatic view of collocation as a conventional unit of expression, regardless of form.

Lemmas are used in dictionaries as the headwords, and other forms of a lexeme are often listed later in the entry if they are not common conjugations of that word.

* Inflectional rules relate a lexeme to its forms.

Derivation involves affixing bound ( non-independent ) forms to existing lexemes, whereby the addition of the affix derives a new lexeme.

Different inflected forms of the same lexeme can exhibit all four accents: lònac ' pot ' ( nominative sg.

In English, for example, run, runs, ran and running are forms of the same lexeme, with run as the lemma.