The Edison patents kept the Bell monopoly viable into the 20th century, by which time the network was more important than the instrument.

Their patents included two other major interrelated innovations: one concerning the use of parallel connected, instead of series connected, utilization loads, the other concerning the ability to have high turns ratio transformers such that the supply network voltage could be much higher ( initially 1, 400 to 2, 000 V ) than the voltage of utilization loads ( 100 V initially preferred ).

A company with 130 patents, SonicWall develops security products, and is a network and data security provider.

The patents describe technology for completing phone calls between VoIP users and people using phones on the traditional public switched network, authenticating VoIP callers, validating VoIP callers ' accounts, fraud protection, providing enhanced features, using Wi-Fi handsets with VoIP services, and monitoring VoIP caller usage.

Pilkington aggressively protected its patents and trade secrets through a network of licensing agreements with glass manufacturers around the world.

He is the co-inventor of nano-latency network switching technology patents that makes networks operate much faster than conventional systems.

Included with the purchase were the tooling, parts and product inventories, distributor network, designs, patents, and assets of the Sound Products Division of Altec Lansing.

The patents strengthen Fortinet's intellectual property portfolio, and provide the company with ownership of key innovations that address critical management, storage, measurement and network performance needs of the enterprise and managed service provider markets.

He holds several patents and has patents pending in IBM ’ s portfolio based on network processing technology.

Great stress is placed on the role that the monitoring of information sending plays in maintaining the effectiveness of the network.

Since the air is a continuum, the network of communication remains intact regardless of the positions or motions of the points ( the people ) in the net.

The connective system, or network, is tailored to meet the requirements of the objective, and it is therefore not surprising that a military body acting as a single coordinated unit has a different communication network than a factory, a college, or a rural village.

It will readily be seen that in this suggested network ( not materially different from some of the networks in vogue today ) greater emphasis on monitoring is implied than is usually put into practice.

Furthermore, the network in Figure 3 is only the basic net through which other networks pertaining to logistics and the like are interlaced.

In continuation of these theoretical studies, a more precise elucidation of the effects of imperfections in network structure is sought.

Orthodontic work is possible because teeth are held firmly but not rigidly, by a system of peridontal membrane with an involved nerve network, to the bone in the jaw ; ;

Ticonderoga folded a few minutes too soon, before the tide changed, still honest and stupid -- and the network of dealers the company had is around waiting to be signed up again -- waiting for us, ready-made.

Since early 2008, Armenia's entire rail network is managed by the Russian state railway.

Armenia's financial system is not integrated into the global network.

AES is based on a design principle known as a substitution-permutation network, and is fast in both software and hardware.

Atomic Semantics is a term which describes the guarantees provided by a data register shared by several processors in a parallel machine or in a network of computers working together.

On a network with many machines it may take several tries before a free address is found, so for performance purposes the successful address is " written down " in NVRAM and used as the default address in the future.

AEP ( AppleTalk Echo Protocol ) is a transport layer protocol designed to test the reachability of network nodes.

AEP generates packets to be sent to the network node and is identified in the Type field of a packet as an AEP packet.

The term suggests that its followers support protectionism and / or nationalism, which is not always the case-in fact, some supporters of anti-globalization are strong opponents of both nationalism and protectionism: for example, the No Border network argues for unrestricted migration and the abolition of all national border controls.

ATM is a core protocol used over the SONET / SDH backbone of the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ) and Integrated Services Digital Network ( ISDN ), but its use is declining in favour of All IP.

The length of the VPI varies according to whether the cell is sent on the user-network interface ( on the edge of the network ), or if it is sent on the network-network interface ( inside the network ).

It will be shown that the objectives of the cooperative people in an organization determine the type of network required, because the type of network functions according to the characteristics of the messages enumerated in Table 1.

Of these, only the network number required any configuration, being obtained from a router.

This was the only part of AppleTalk that required periodic unsolicited broadcasts: every 10 seconds, each router had to send out a list of all the network numbers it knew about and how far away it thought they were.

Another essential was creating the required network of interconnections between computing elements.

As part of the introduction of mobile phone competition in Australia, the Australian government mandated GSM as the new standard for mobile networks, and required that Telstra close the AMPS network by 2000.

They are also cheaper to set up because most desktop operating systems have the software required for the network installed by default.

This made implementation difficult on many server platforms, and required that a server be present on each individual network link.

As a result, the total bandwidth required by the network to transfer a file is higher than in other systems, which can result in slower transfers, especially for unpopular content.

A DTM-capable mobile may use simultaneous voice and packet data, with the network coordinating to ensure that it is not required to transmit on two different frequencies at the same time.

ILECs argue that LLU amounts to a regulatory taking, that they are forced to provide competitors with essential business inputs, that LLU stifles infrastructure-based competition and technical innovation because new entrants prefer to ' parasitise ' the incumbent's network instead of building their own and that the regulatory interference required to make LLU work ( e. g., to set the LLU access price ) is detrimental to the market.

Motorized infantry could maintain rapid movement, but their trucks required either a good road network, or firm open terrain ( such as desert ).

Many user-level programs, services, and utilities including awk, echo, ed were also standardized, along with required program-level services including basic I / O ( file, terminal, and network ) services.

This leads to a network that is easier and faster to setup and keep running because a full staff is not required to ensure efficiency and stability.

If the number of participants is large, and some of their physical or network distancee are great, then the probability of complete success ( which is, in ideal circumstances, required for system security ) will be rather low.

A defined quality of service may be desired or required for certain types of network traffic, for example:

While IntServ mechanisms do work, it was realized that in a broadband network typical of a larger service provider, Core routers would be required to accept, maintain, and tear down thousands or possibly tens of thousands of reservations.

This can come in handy when required to debug network connections or routing tables.

However, it soon became obvious that that was impossible, and that the aftermath of the Hatfield crash had revealed that the network required significantly more money for its operation, maintenance and renewal.

No modifications are required for Bluetooth synchronization, but Wi-Fi synchronization is impossible because the Mac OS HotSync software does not support network synchronization.

Supply chain management ( SCM ) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the provision of product and service packages required by the end customers in a supply chain.

A new network element required was a specialized short message service center, and enhancements were required to the radio capacity and network transport infrastructure to accommodate growing SMS traffic.