* Effective dose ( pharmacology ), the dose of pharmacologic agent which will have a therapeutic effect in some fraction

An example is the ability of pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoid to suppress inflammation.

Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin, is converted to nicotinamide in vivo, and, though the two are identical in their vitamin functions, nicotinamide does not have the same pharmacologic and toxic effects of niacin, which occur incidental to niacin's conversion.

The FDA defines a biomarker as, " A characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention ".

Clinical practice guidelines generally recommend people to try " lifestyle modification ", including a cholesterol-lowering diet and physical exercise, before statin use is considered ; statins or other pharmacologic agents may then be recommended for those who do not meet their lipid-lowering goals through diet and lifestyle approaches.

* Potassium bromide, an anticonvulsant and sedative ( most pharmacologic information is here )

Although sildenafil ( Viagra ), vardenafil ( Levitra ), and tadalafil ( Cialis ) all work by inhibiting PDE5, tadalafils pharmacologic distinction is its longer half-life ( 17. 50 hours ) – compared to Viagra ( 4. 0 – 5. 0 hours ) and Levitra ( 4. 0 – 5. 0 hours ) – resulting in longer duration of action, and so partly responsible for " The Weekend Pill " sobriquet.

Strabismic amblyopia is treated by clarifying the visual image with glasses, and / or encouraging use of the amblyopic eye with an eyepatch over the dominant eye or pharmacologic penalization of the better eye.

A meta-analysis of 35 studies shows cognitive behavioral therapy to be more effective in the long term than pharmacologic treatment ( drugs such as SSRIs ), and while both treatments reduce anxiety, CBT is more effective in reducing depression.

If the patient's Asthma is treated with an inhaler then it should be used as a pre-treatment prior to the injection of the pharmacologic stress agent.

Medical therapy can be initiated with AV nodal slowing drugs such as adenosine ( which is a pharmacologic cardioversion ), beta blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers ( such as verapamil ).

The pharmacologic objective is to get an exogenous dopamine-precursor known as levodopa / L-DOPA into the dopamine-deficient brains of PD patients.

Denosumab is a pharmacologic agent that in essence acts like osteoprotegerin as a decoy receptor for osteoblastic RANKL.

Obesity is implicated in many of the aforementioned conditions, and it is not uncommon for a clinically obese patient to receive pharmacologic treatment for all of these.

The recommended list of USAN stems is updated regularly to keep pace to accommodate drugs with new chemical and pharmacologic properties.

* The pupil should be adequately dilated using eyedrops ; if pharmacologic pupil dilation is inadequate, procedures for mechanical pupillary dilatation may be needed during the surgery.

This small effect is true only for SSRIs, with TCAs and other pharmacologic treatments showing no differences from psychological treatments.

Lansoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor ( PPI ) in the same pharmacologic class as omeprazole.

He is an expert in the pharmacologic treatment of mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder.

Called TCI ( target controlled infusion ), this involves using a computer-controlled syringe driver ( pump ) to infuse propofol throughout the duration of surgery, removing the need for a volatile anaesthetic, and allowing pharmacologic principles to more precisely guide the amount of infusion of the drug.

However, a exercise stress test may provide more information about exercise tolerance than a pharmacologic stress test.

The effects of pharmacologic doses of hormones may be different from responses to naturally occurring amounts and may be therapeutically useful.

Local preparations for use in otolaryngology often contain pharmacologic equivalents of adrenaline, while steroid and vitamin D creams are used extensively in dermatological practice.

Anesthesiology focuses on perception of pain, and pharmacologic alteration of consciousness.

In some jurisdictions adult or pediatric critical care transports sometimes use physicians, but generally only when it appears likely that the patient may require surgical or advanced pharmacologic intervention beyond the skills of an EMT, paramedic or nurse during transport.

In comparisons of behavioral versus pharmacologic treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy ( including HRT ) have shown significant improvement over medication alone.

In addition to metabolism, the coronary circulation possesses unique pharmacologic characteristics.

In pharmacologic ( supraphysiologic ) doses, glucocorticoids are used to suppress various allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders.

The pharmacologic profile of Maprotiline explains its antidepressant, sedative, anxiolytic, and sympathomimetic activities.

Still others try to develop methods, pharmacologic or otherwise, of enhancing LTP to improve learning and memory.

If they are relatively stable, pharmacologic treatment may be used.

Other options for children who refuse or cannot tolerate pharmacologic premedication include interventions by clowns and child life specialists.

Once in the circulatory system, they are transported to their biochemical sites of action in the central and autonomic nervous systems, where they exert their pharmacologic effects.

In situations of acute distress, such as a grief reaction, pharmacologic measures may be most appropriate.

Treatment approaches to long term pain include pharmacologic measures, such as analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants, interventional procedures, physical therapy, physical exercise, application of ice and / or heat, and psychological measures, such as biofeedback and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Because thyroid tissue usually contains a substantial reserve of thyroid hormone, thyrostatics can take weeks to become effective, and the dose often needs to be carefully titrated over a period of months, with regular doctor visits and blood tests to monitor results.

* Growth hormone, either alone or with a low dose of androgen, will increase growth and probably final adult height.

Until more becomes understood about the possible risks, women who elect to use hormone replacement therapy are generally well advised to take the lowest effective dose of hormones for the shortest period possible, and to question their doctors as to whether certain forms might pose fewer dangers of clots or cancer than others.

A substantial increase in the plasma concentration of growth hormone was reported in some epileptic patients during taurine tolerance testing ( oral dose of 50 mg / kg bw / day ), suggesting a potential to stimulate the hypothalamus and to modify neuroendocrine function.

One common effect of a large dose of androgenic hormone exposure is the masculanization of female external genitalia.

Treatment consists of a daily dose of thyroid hormone ( thyroxine ) by mouth.

" Provocative tests " involve giving a dose of an agent that will normally provoke a pituitary to release a burst of growth hormone.

Both low dose ( 5 mg ) and high dose ( 10 mg ) of nitrazepam significantly increases growth hormone levels in humans.

Patients concurrently taking certain regular medications ( e. g. rifamycin and many anticonvulsant drugs ) that enhance the liver's break down of other drugs, must use an even higher hormone dose and may be better advised to use as an alternative the insertion of an IUD.