There are a number of diagnostic tests for including: HCV antibody enzyme immunoassay or ELISA, recombinant immunoblot assay, and quantitative HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ).

A 2005 quantitative survey of 121 electronics industry participants by Industry Directions Inc and the Electronics Supply Chain Association ( ESCA ) found that 69 % of respondents said they had less control over at least 5 of their key supply chain processes since the outsourced model took hold, while 66 % of providers felt their aggregate risk with customers was high or very high.

Identification of infants with SCID is done by detecting T-cell receptor excision circles ( TRECs ) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT-qPCR ).

The software stands for the prediction of the entire casting component quality and process chain by providing a better understanding of mold filling, solidification and cooling and allows the quantitative prediction of mechanical properties, thermal stresses and distortions of the resulting castings.

* Real-time polymerase chain reaction, a laboratory technique for amplification of DNA that provides quantitative results during the process

The field of chemistry uses analysis in at least three ways: to identify the components of a particular chemical compound ( qualitative analysis ), to identify the proportions of components in a mixture ( quantitative analysis ), and to break down chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter.

Lavoisier's researches included some of the first truly quantitative chemical experiments.

Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of one or more of these components.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy ( AAS ) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation ( light ) by free atoms in the gaseous state.

In the course of very accurate quantitative chemical work, he was weighing samples in a partially evacuated chamber to reduce the effect of air currents, and noticed the weighings were disturbed when sunlight shone on the balance.

With guidance by molecular theory, the dependence of viscoelastic properties on these variables can be simplified by introducing additional concepts such as the free volume, the monomeric friction coefficient, and the spacing between entanglement loci, to provide a qualitative understanding and in many cases a quantitative prediction of how to achieve desired physical and chemical properties and ultimate microstructure.

By 1978 Parr had realized that Density Functional Theory ( DFT ) would be extremely useful in quantitative calculations of chemical and biological systems, especially those with high molecular weights.

Reaction stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in chemical reactions.

Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) is a quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material.

If UV / Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty sources arising from the nature of the compounds and / or solutions that are measured.

Ashless filter paper is mainly used for gravimetric methods in quantitative chemical analysis.

These small size crucibles and their covers made of porcelain are quite cheap when sold in quantity to laboratories, and the crucibles are sometimes disposed of after use in precise quantitative chemical analysis.

In the area of chemical analysis, crucibles are used in quantitative gravimetric chemical analysis ( analysis by measuring mass of an analyte or its derivative ).

) degree is offered in bioanalytical chemistry, bioinformatics, business, chemical biology, chemistry, computational science, computer science, cybersecurity, engineering physics, information systems, mathematical sciences, physics, quantitative finance, and science and law.

Many early applications involved multivariate classification, numerous quantitative predictive applications followed, and by the late 1970s and early 1980s a wide variety of data-and computer-driven chemical analyses were occurring.

Absorption spectroscopy is useful in chemical analysis because of its specificity and its quantitative nature.

* Environmental Entolomology – This journal publishes reports on the interaction of insects with the biological, chemical, and physical aspects of their environment and is divided into the following sections: physiological ecology ; chemical ecology ; population ecology ; quantitative ecology ; community and ecosystem ecology ; biological control-parasitoids and predators ; biological control — microbials ; biological control — weeds ; behavior ; pest management ; sampling ; plant-insect interactions ; molecular ecology and evolution ; transgenic plants and insects.

" To George Teissier he owes a preference for quantitative descriptions ; André Lwoff initiated him into the potentials of microbiology ; to Boris Ephrussi he owes the discovery of physiological genetics, and to Louis Rapkine the concept that only chemical and molecular descriptions could provide a complete interpretation of the function of living organisms.

Bergman greatly contributed to the advancement of quantitative analysis, and he developed a mineral classification scheme based on chemical characteristics and appearance.

The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the activation energy and the rate at which a reaction proceeds.

* 1810 – In collaboration with Louis Thenard, he developed a method for quantitative elemental analysis by measuring the CO < sub > 2 </ sub > and O < sub > 2 </ sub > evolved by reaction with potassium chlorate.

For the quantitative analysis of metal cations, the use of complexometric indicators is preferred, whereas the third compound class, the redox indicators, are used in titrations involving a redox reaction as the basis of the analysis.

Hence, out of this general natural tendency, a quantitative measure as to how near or far a potential reaction is from this minimum is when the calculated energetics of the process indicate that the change in Gibbs free energy ΔG is negative.

* Selected reaction monitoring, a method for targeted, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics

* Multiple reaction monitoring, a method for targeted, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics

One such publication concluded "... the individual variations of both pregnant and non-pregnant sera make the results from both overlap so completely as to render the reaction, even with quantitative technique, absolutely indecisive for either positive or negative diagnosis of pregnancy.

The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the activation energy and the reaction rate at which a reaction proceeds.

In the first quantitative measurement of kinetic parameters for this reaction, a 1976 study by Isaacs and Laila measured the rates of addition of sulfur dioxide to butadiene derivatives.

Although observations of some aerodynamic effects such as wind resistance ( e. g. drag ) were recorded by Aristotle, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei, very little effort was made to develop a rigorous quantitative theory of air flow prior to the 17th century.

There is strong quantitative support for the theory that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor.

Most quantitative calculations in modern quantum chemistry use either valence bond or molecular orbital theory as a starting point, although a third approach, Density Functional Theory, has become increasingly popular in recent years.

" More precisely, it is " the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference.

In Shannon's revolutionary and groundbreaking paper, the work for which had been substantially completed at Bell Labs by the end of 1944, Shannon for the first time introduced the qualitative and quantitative model of communication as a statistical process underlying information theory, opening with the assertion that

Statistical NLP comprises all quantitative approaches to automated language processing, including probabilistic modeling, information theory, and linear algebra.

* Richard Chorley ( 1927 – 2002 ), a key contributor to the quantitative revolution and the use of systems theory in geography.

As a mathematical foundation for statistics, probability theory is essential to many human activities that involve quantitative analysis of large sets of data.

Thus, although the current standard model of particle physics " in principle " predicts all known non-gravitational phenomena, in practice only a few quantitative results have been derived from the full theory ( e. g., the masses of some of the simplest hadrons ), and these results ( especially the particle masses which are most relevant for low-energy physics ) are less accurate than existing experimental measurements.

Specifically, the theory yields precise quantitative predictions for the mixture of these elements, that is, the primordial abundances.

* Robert Fogel and Douglass North won the Nobel in 1993 for " having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change ".

Because of these differences in the theory and practice of development, there is also a wide range of quantitative measures used to describe quality of life.

He also gives starting at Lemma 4 and Proposition 40 ) the theory of the motions of comets ( for which much data came from John Flamsteed and from Edmond Halley ), and accounts for the tides, attempting quantitative estimates of the contributions of the Sun and Moon to the tidal motions ; and offers the first theory of the precession of the equinoxes.

The final Book 3 also contained in addition some further important quantitative results arrived at by Newton in the meantime, especially about the theory of the motions of comets, and some of the perturbations of the motions of the Moon.

It is also likely that the magnetic field plays a decisive role in determining the level of electron saturation, but no quantitative theory is as yet available.

Although the terms are used in various ways among the general public, many specialists in decision theory, statistics and other quantitative fields have defined uncertainty, risk, and their measurement as:

Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical algorithms to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.

Behavioral economics and quantitative analysis use many of the same tools of technical analysis, which, being an aspect of active management, stands in contradiction to much of modern portfolio theory.

Most physicists believe Mach's principle was never developed into a quantitative physical theory that would explain a mechanism by which the stars can have such an effect.

It is considered both an art and a science, with a qualitative and quantitative research literature base incorporating areas such as clinical therapy, biomusicology, musical acoustics, music theory, psychoacoustics, embodied music cognition, aesthetics of music, and comparative musicology.

The theory provides a quantitative basis of the transient-pulse theory of modern civilization.