The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers ' parts and was not independent.

Thus if the instrument depends on the pressure or suction effect alone, and this pressure or suction is measured against the air pressure in an ordinary room, in which the doors and windows are carefully closed and a newspaper is then burnt up the chimney, an effect may be produced equal to a wind of 10 mi / h ( 16 km / h ); and the opening of a window in rough weather, or the opening of a door, may entirely alter the registration.

Prions, the infectious agent of CJD, may not be inactivated by means of routine surgical instrument sterilization procedures.

An electronic instrument may include a user interface for controlling its sound, often by adjusting the pitch, frequency, or duration of each note.

While the angle of the instrument may change as this motion follows the shape of the teeth and placement of the jaw, contrary to what many brass performers and teachers believe, the angle of the instrument does not actually constitute the motion Reinhardt advised as a pivot.

The Labour Charter of 1927, promulgated by the Grand Council of Fascism, stated in article 7: " The corporative State considers private initiative, in the field of production, as the most efficient and useful instrument of the Nation ", then continued in article 9: " State intervention in economic production may take place only where private initiative is lacking or is insufficient, or when are at stakes the political interest of the State.

There may be some mechanism for raising or lowering the bridge saddles to adjust the distance between the strings and the fretboard ( action ), or fine-tuning the intonation of the instrument.

Irving further stated that " tongues are a great instrument for personal edification, however mysterious it may seem to us.

The Hammond organ was widely used in United States military chapels and post theaters during the Second World War, and returning soldiers ' familiarity with the instrument may have helped contribute to its popularity in the post-war period.

The acceptance of artificial methods of birth control is then claimed to result in several negative consequences, among them a " general lowering of moral standards " resulting from sex without consequences, and the danger that men may reduce women " to being a mere instrument for the satisfaction of own desires "; finally, abuse of power by public authorities, and a false sense of autonomy.

The cut on the right of the neck may have been the result of the body becoming bloated, causing the skin to split ; however, the straight edges to the wound suggest it may have been caused by a sharp instrument such as a knife.

Recent research by Eckhard Neubauer suggests ‘ ud may in turn be an Arabized version of the Persian name rud, which meant " string ", " stringed instrument ", or " lute ".

It has equally been suggested the " wood " in the name may have distinguished the instrument by its wooden soundboard from skin-faced predecessors.

The individual drum voices may be playable from another MIDI instrument, or from a sequencer.

An individual device may be either monophonic or polyphonic, and can be either a monotimbral instrument that can play only one sound at a time, or a polytimbral instrument that can play multiple sounds at once.

Program # 0 may be a piano on one instrument, or a flute on another.

If there are four alternative symbols ( corresponding to a musical instrument that can generate four different tones, one at a time ), the first symbol may represent the bit sequence 00, the second 01, the third 10 and the fourth 11.

These systems may be automated, with a magazine of sample tubes that are moved into the reactor core in turn for a predetermined time, before being moved to the instrument station and finally to a container for storage and disposal.

Thus, for a musician, playing an instrument may be at one time a profession, and at another a recreation there is a lot more to do.

He possessed the fighter pilot's horror of bad weather and instrument flying, and he wondered, if the ceiling did drop, whether he and the other flights would be able to find their way back in this unfamiliar territory.

In both cases the individual tends to be treated as an instrument of the organic reality.

Such an instrument would be useful for the characterization of many commercial materials as well as theoretical studies.

Such an instrument is expected to be especially useful if it could be used to measure the elasticity of heavy pastes such as printing inks, paints, adhesives, molten plastics, and bread dough, for the elasticity is related to those various properties termed `` length '', `` shortness '', `` spinnability '', etc., which are usually judged by subjective methods at present.

This instrument provides an electrical signal proportional to the angular deviations of the platform and can be used to automatically hold the platform on true heading.

Such a general boycott might still be a blunt or indiscriminating instrument, and therefore of questionable justification.

If the voice is just a shade less glorious than it used to be, it is still a beautiful instrument, controlled and flexible.

In general, the guitar's soundbox can be thought of as composed of two connected chambers: the upper bouts and lower bouts ( a bout being the rounded corner of an instrument body ), which meet at the waist, or the narrowest part of the body face near the soundhole.

Though God commanded instruments to be used in Temple worship, and the daily life of Israel, the first recorded example of a musical instrument in Roman Catholic worship was an organ introduced by Pope Vitalian into a cathedral in Rome around 670.

In the 1930s, musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc from Seattle, Washington, developed the first electric string bass in its modern form, a fretted instrument designed to be held and played horizontally.

The " Fender Bass " was a revolutionary new instrument, one that could easily be played by an electric guitarist, could be easily transported to a gig, and could be amplified to just about any volume without feeding back ".

The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on 30 October 1888, to John Loud, a leather tanner, who was attempting to make a writing instrument that would be able to write on his leather products, which then-common fountain pens could not do.

It can also be tuned to E-A-D, like its cousin, the domra, to make it easier for those trained on the domra to play the instrument, and still have a balalaika sound.

The instrument began to be used in his concert performances.

The view of most scholars ( see organology ) is that the term " brass instrument " should be defined by the way the sound is made, as above, and not by whether the instrument is actually made of brass.

" The synthesis of his dialectical examination of the nature of war is his famous " trinity ," saying that war is " a fascinating trinity — composed of primordial violence, hatred, and enmity, which are to be regarded as a blind natural force ; the play of chance and probability, within which the creative spirit is free to roam ; and its element of subordination, as an instrument of policy, which makes it subject to pure reason.

The main advantage is that no dedicated instrument has to be purchased and pyrolysis can be performed as part of routine GC analysis.

Carbon-fiber and phenolic composite materials have become desirable for building necks, and at least one high-end luthier ( Composite Acoustics ) produces a line of all-carbon-fiber guitars, prized for their high stability in changing climates that would cause wood instrument panels to swell and shrink.

If the instrument is desirable, the underwriter and the securities issuer may choose to enter into an exclusivity agreement.

( When piezo pickups are installed in the bridge of the instrument, it is desirable to apply an extra damper pad beneath the second fret which only spans half the length of the fret.

The wide range of sounds that the Jupiter-8 can produce, the efficient front panel layout ( each synthesizer sound parameter adjustment had its own dedicated controller ), and its sturdy construction, make the Jupiter-8 a venerable and desirable instrument even 30 years after it was first produced.

In its resolution 55 / 61, the General Assembly recognized that an effective international legal instrument against corruption, independent of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime was desirable.

Care for this instrument is peculiar in that the drum heads must be exposed to moisture to produce a desirable sound.