the relative frequency at bin and is the total area of the histogram.

can be calculated from the relative histogram:

A histogram may also be normalized displaying relative frequencies.

If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative frequency plot.

A price histogram is useful in showing at what price a market has spent more relative time.

Genetic drift is the change in the relative frequency in which a gene variant ( allele ) occurs in a population due to random sampling.

When averaged over astronomically short timescales, their relative position is random, just like bodies that are nowhere near resonance.

Therefore, on timescales of thousands of years or more ( still tiny by astronomical standards ), their relative position is effectively random.

The most popular version of objective probability is frequentist probability, which claims that the probability of a random event denotes the relative frequency of occurrence of an experiment's outcome, when repeating the experiment.

This, however, proved not to be random enough, and the Enigma was being broken with relative ease late in the war.

Because the location of a single scattering center is not usually well known relative to the path of the radiation, the outcome, which tends to depend strongly on the exact incoming trajectory, appears random to an observer.

In that case, the atom's exact position relative to the path of the electron is unknown and would be immeasurable, so the exact direction of the electron after the collision is unknown, plus the quantum-mechanical nature of this particular interaction also makes the interaction random.

The formula still holds for a particle with a high velocity relative to the velocities of an ensemble of identical particles with random locations.

Of the three random creatures that appear, there are three types which correspond to the relative difficulty of the monsters in battle mode: a small, weak blob denoting easy enemies, a large, strong biped denoting harder enemies, and a Fairy, which will put Link on a single screen with a free Fairy to refill his health.

In practice, it is much more likely that the rounding errors have a random sign, with zero mean, so that they form a random walk ; in this case, naive summation has a root mean square relative error that grows as multiplied by the condition number.

In practice, it is more likely that the errors have random sign, in which case terms in Σ | x < sub > i </ sub >| are replaced by a random walk — in this case, even for random inputs with zero mean, the error grows only as ( ignoring the nε < sup > 2 </ sup > term ), the same rate the sum grows, canceling the factors when the relative error is computed.

It has been shown that there are random string query oracles relative to which P and NP are separated.

In a frequentist approach to statistical inference one would not attribute any probability distribution to p ( unless the probabilities could be somehow interpreted as relative frequencies of occurrence of some event or as proportions of some population ) and one would say that X < sub > 1 </ sub >, ..., X < sub > n </ sub > are independent random variables.

Unlike most of the nonlinear systems where stochastic resonance occurs, suprathreshold stochastic resonance occurs not only when the strength of the fluctuations is small relative to that of an input signal, but occurs even for the smallest amount of random noise.

Widely considered the most difficult raid boss relative to its time in any MMO, the encounter had a unique mechanic which would target a random member of the entire raid and require a specific action take place within a few seconds of the emote or else the raid would be completely wiped out.

Since the orientation of the target molecules relative to the electron beams is random, the internuclear distance information obtained is one-dimensional.

The relative size, shape, and composition of a molecule of organic matter is very random.

In classical metapopulation theory, each population cycles in relative independence of the other populations and eventually goes extinct as a consequence of demographic stochasticity ( fluctuations in population size due to random demographic events ); the smaller the population, the more prone it is to extinction.

The in modifier causes the object to be passed to one of the current membrane ’ s children ( travelling inwards relative to the structure of the P system ), chosen at random during the computation.

In a gas, the relative positions of the atoms or molecules are completely random.

" Eldredge and Gould, believing that evolution jumps between stability and relative rapidity, are described as " discrete variable speedists ," and " in this respect they are genuinely radical.

A more typical consumer zoom will have a variable maximum relative aperture, since it is harder and more expensive to keep the maximum relative aperture proportional to focal length at long focal lengths ; 3. 5 to 5. 6 is an example of a common variable aperture range in a consumer zoom lens.

Because the density and subtypes of potassium channels may differ greatly between different types of neurons, the duration of the relative refractory period is highly variable.

On the other hand, there are some other variables that need to be calculated separately as derived variables, such as relative humidity which may be a diagnostic variable obtained from the model's prognostic variables, temperature and water vapour.

Though Marx ´ s transformation procedure was not correct-because it didn ´ t calculate prices and profit rate simultaneously, but sequentially-Bortkiewicz has shown that it ´ s possible to get the correct results using the marxian framework, i. e. using the marxian variables constant capital and variable capital it is possible to obtain the profit rate and the relative prices in a 3 sector model.

* Leaves often broader relative to length ( but very variable ).

This diagram also illustrates the relative positions of the variable ( V ) and constant ( C ) domains of an IgG molecule.

For this reason the evaporative fraction is sometimes a more appropriate choice of variable representing the relative contributions of the turbulent energy fluxes to the surface energy budget.

where are regression coefficients indicating the relative effect of a particular explanatory variable on the outcome.

This highly variable outer boundary of geogenic matter has been referred to as the " geopause ," to suggest the relative scarcity of such matter beyond it, where the solar wind dominates.

They express the quantity of output relative to the amount of variable input employed while holding fixed inputs constant.

The camshafts are continuously variable for increased performance, using a system very closely based on BMW's VANOS variable timing system for the BMW M3 ; it is a hydraulically-actuated phasing mechanism which retards the inlet cam relative to the exhaust cam at low revs, which reduces the valve overlap and provides for increased idle stability and increased low-speed torque.

With too much variable input use relative to the available fixed inputs, the company is experiencing negative marginal returns to variable inputs, and diminishing total returns.

In Stage 3, too much variable input is being used relative to the available fixed inputs: variable inputs are over-utilized in the sense that their presence on the margin obstructs the production process rather than enhancing it.

Devices at the kite's bridle can be set to alter the relative lengths of sub-bridle lines in order to set the attitude of the kite so that the kite flies at a certain position of the potential positions ; this can be done for one setting while the kite is readied for flight ; but Kenneth C. Howard invited a device that can be operated on single-line kites during the flight session for variable settings:

Rotating the rods relative to each other results in many possibilities including a dynamically variable field and various dipolar configurations.

This Measure necessarily involves variable magnitudes since the Qualitatively distinct ways in which different things relate to Quantity can only be registered in their respective rates of increase or decrease relative to each other.

However, Grossman uses city size, and not relative real wage growth, which was the Weber thesis, as his " main dependent variable " ( Grossman, 2 ).