He was the first in a series of reform-minded popes from Germany.

His defiance of the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes.

The popes also became increasingly secular rulers as the Papal States were forged into a centralized power by a series of " warrior popes ".

He was supported in this effort by a long series of short-term popes ( some very short-term ), such as Innocent IX ( 1591 ), Gregory XIV ( 1590 – 1591 ), etc., who basically followed his strategy.

At the influential Cortile del Belvedere at the Vatican Palace, perfected under a series of popes from the earliest 16th century, the backdrop within the enclosed court was a raised terrace.

Under the impetus of monastic reform movements and the efforts of some Holy Roman Emperors, a group of cardinals and a series of successive popes strove to cleanse the church of abuses and free the papacy from its Imperial patronage, which had recently freed it from the influence of the Roman nobles.

A series of conferences with friends and bankers began about this time ; ;

In May 1960, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology began a series of articles on the `` Medical Museum '', and in June, the Institute started contributing a regular monthly `` Case For Diagnosis ''.

The Leningrad Kirov Ballet, which opened a series of performances Friday night at the Opera House, is, I think, the finest `` classical '' ballet company I have ever seen, and the production of the Petipa-Tschaikowsky `` Sleeping Beauty '' with which it began the series is incomparably the finest I have ever had the pleasure of witnessing.

Confederate general Jubal Anderson Early began a series of assaults in the North that threatened the Capital.

The 1894 – 95 series began in sensational fashion when England won the First Test at Sydney by just 10 runs having followed on.

The 1934 Ashes series began with the notable absence of Larwood, Voce and Jardine.

Before the 1989 series began, the win-loss ratio was almost even, with 87 wins for Australia to England's 86, 74 having been drawn.

Hopes that the 2005 Ashes series would be closely fought proved well-founded, as the series was more competitive than anyone had predicted and was still undecided as the closing session of the final Test began.

The 2009 series began with a tense draw in the First Test at SWALEC Stadium in Cardiff, with final pair James Anderson and Monty Panesar surviving 69 balls.

Biodynamic agriculture, the first intentional form of organic farming, began in the 1920s when Rudolf Steiner gave a series of lectures since published as Agriculture.

In astronomy, Celsius began a series of observations using colored glass plates to record the magnitude ( a measure of brightness ) of certain stars.

The comprehensive series, a reprinting of the entire 43-year history of Li ' l Abner spanning a projected 20 volumes, began on April 7, 2010.

A structured postseason series began in 1969, when both the National and American Leagues were reorganized into two divisions each, East and West.

Its success ( coupled with some theatrical releases of the film in Europe ) convinced CBS to turn it into a weekly series, which began airing in the Spring of 1978.

In the 19th century, Nietzsche began to write a series of attacks on the " unnatural " teachings of Christianity ( e. g. avoidance of temptations ), and continued anti-Christian attacks to the end of his life.

Following work on the second entry in the Resident Evil series, Capcom began work on a Resident Evil game for the new PlayStation 2.

As NVA / VC activity grew, the United States and South Vietnam became concerned, and in 1969, the United States began a 14 month long series of bombing raids targeted at NVA / VC elements, contributing to destabilization.

* Charge ( TV series ), youth television program which began in 2007

* The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science by Willa Cather and Georgine Milmine ( 1909 ) began as a famous Muckraking magazine series 1907 – 08.

There have been eight series sweeps since interleague play began: four by the Cubs in 1998, 2004, 2007, and 2008, and four by the White Sox in 1995, 2008, and 2012.

The Rockies trailed the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Arizona Diamondbacks and the San Diego Padres for most of 2007 Major League Baseball season – however – by August, Colorado showed a steady series of wins, while the Division-leading Dodgers began to struggle.

The series Glee, which began in 2009, features Dianna Agron as Quinn Fabray, the captain of her high school cheerleading squad, the Cheerios.

The Mantissa is a series of twenty-five separate pieces of which the opening five deal directly with psychology.

A series of deaths put Alfonso directly in line for the throne.

This unstable intermediate can lead to electron " leakage ", when electrons jump directly to oxygen and form the superoxide anion, instead of moving through the normal series of well-controlled reactions of the electron transport chain.

The Metal Gear Solid series of video games has a recurring character known as Grey Fox or the " Cyborg Ninja " who is a person wearing a cybernetic exoskeleton ( either worn as a suit or grafted directly to the character's body ) and wielding a high-frequency blade.

Kung fu films are an obvious influence – Spike practises the martial arts and philosophies of Bruce Lee and some of the kung fu fights in the series seem to be lifted directly from Bruce Lee ’ s films.

It is made very clear during the series, even discussed directly by the characters, that Clark Kent is who he really is, rather than his superheroic alter-ego.

The show was pitched directly to the UK's Hat Trick Productions and Channel 4 by the duo, contrary to rumours that RTÉ ( the Irish national broadcaster ) were originally offered the series but rejected it.

When the PC was introduced in 1981, it was designated as the IBM 5150, putting it in the " 5100 " series, though its architecture was not directly descended from the IBM 5100.

A few, such as the Soviet BMD series or the Chinese ZLC2000, can be deployed by a parachute system from aircraft directly into battle.

Notably, Euler directly proved the power series expansions for and the inverse tangent function.

Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment.

SimCity 4 was released in 2003, it was a series first implementing true 3D, as well as the first where Wright was not directly involved with work.

Pokey has been referenced twice in the Hitman series of video games: in Hitman: Contracts as an obscure, esoteric easter egg, and more directly in Hitman: Blood Money, where an overheard conversation between guards has one inviting the other to look at the comics on a computer.

The series consisted of five games, each of which followed directly upon the events of the last.

The 6x86 and MII series did exactly this, but was more advanced ; it implemented superscalar speculative execution via register renaming, directly at the x86-semantic level.

Star Trek: The Animated Series was the only Star Trek series not to feature a cold open (" teaser ") and started directly with the title sequence ( although some overseas versions of the original live action series, such as that run by the BBC in the U. K. in the 1960s and 1970s, ran the teaser after the credits ).

As the franchise has grown in popularity, several titles have been released that are set within or star a minor character from the universe of The Legend of Zelda but are not directly connected to the main The Legend of Zelda series.

Frank Capra's seven-film series Why We Fight is said to have been directly inspired by and America's response to Triumph of the Will.

For most of the series run, the exterior doors of the police box operated separately from the heavier interior doors, although sometimes the two sets could open simultaneously to allow the ship's passengers to look directly outside and vice versa.

The revived series ' TARDIS features no such secondary doors ; the police box doors open directly into the console room.

The new series spins directly out of House of M and opens with a suicide attempt by Rictor, who has lost his powers in the Decimation that has caused 90-percent of all mutants to lose their powers.

When a CPU is executing a program that calls for a floating-point operation not directly supported by the hardware, the CPU uses a series of simpler floating-point operations.

Srivijaya's wealth and influence faded when changes in nautical technology in the 10th century enabled Chinese and Indian merchants to ship cargo directly between their countries and also enabled the Chola state in southern India to carry out a series of destructive attacks on Srivijaya's possessions, ending Palembang's entrepot function.