Queensland lungfish ( Neoceratodus fosteri ) is an example of an organism that meets this criteria, fossils identical to modern Queensland lungfish have been dated at over 100 million years making this species one of the oldest if not actually the oldest extant vertebrate species.

Fossils of lungfish almost identical to this species have been uncovered in northern New South Wales, indicating that Neoceratodus has remained virtually unchanged for well over 100 million years, making it a living fossil and one of the oldest living vertebrate genera on the planet.

Most bony fish belong to the ray-finned fish ( Actinopterygii ); there are only eight living species of non-tetrapod lobe-finned fish ( Sarcopterygii ), including the lungfish and coelacanths.

Fish have gills instead of lungs, although some species of fish, such as the lungfish, have both.

According to genetic analysis of current species, the divergence of coelacanths, lungfish, and tetrapods is thought to have occurred 390 million years ago.

A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian.

The distribution of this species seem to largely coincide with that of papyrus and lungfish.

Preferred prey species have reportedly included Marbled lungfish and Senegal Birch as well as various Tilapia species and catfish, the latter mainly in the genus Clarias.

Fish eaten by this species are commonly in the range of long and weigh around, though lungfish of as much as have been attacked.

While vicariance would suggest this represents an ancient distribution limited to the Mesozoic supercontinent Gondwana, the fossil record suggests advanced lungfish had a widespread freshwater distribution and the current distribution of modern lungfish species reflects extinction of many lineages following the breakup of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia.

Basal lungfish groups may retain marginal teeth and an ossified braincase, but derived lungfish groups, including all modern species, show a significant reduction in the marginal bones and a cartilaginous braincase.

It is one of only six extant lungfish species in the world.

The five other freshwater lungfish species, four in Africa and one in South America, are very different morphologically to N. forsteri.

Formerly widespread, at one time there were at least seven different species of lungfish in Australia.

The Queensland lungfish is essentially a sedentary species, spending its life within a restricted area.

It's also the only lungfish species that is a facultative air breather, only breathing air when there is not enough oxygen in the water to meet their needs.

All the many species that have existed, have an ancestor in that alien molecule.

Along with many other members of a group of unusual species collectively called the " Australian megafauna ", it existed from approximately 1. 6 million years ago until extinction some 46, 000 years ago ( through most of the Pleistocene epoch ).

Until recently it was unknown how many species of Diprotodon had existed.

There are several extant species of chimpanzees and gorillas, but only one human species remains, although several sub-species of Homo sapiens still existed 30, 000 years ago.

It is inhabited by a number of different evolved hominid species, and includes representative samples of Bandersnatchi, Martians and Kzinti, and possibly other alien races that existed at the time of its construction.

Libralces existed until the middle Pleistocene epoch, and were followed briefly by a species called Cervalces carnutorum.

Unlike the Paleolithic, when more than one human species existed, only one human species ( Homo sapiens sapiens ) reached the Neolithic.

In the United States, an introduced population of Burmese pythons, Python molurus bivittatus, has existed as an invasive species in the Everglades National Park since the late 1990s.

Roving bands of hunter-gatherers and even fairly sizable and complex tribal societies based on herding or agriculture have existed without any full-time specialized state organization, and these " stateless " forms of political organization have in fact prevailed for all of the prehistory and much of the history of the human species and civilization.

Chapter VI begins by saying the next three chapters will address possible objections to the theory, the first being that often no intermediate forms between closely related species are found, though the theory implies such forms must have existed.

Whales range in size from the blue whale, the largest animal known to have ever existed at and, to various pygmy species, such as the pygmy sperm whale at.

One estimate is that less than 1 % of the species that have existed on Earth are extant.

Grand Teton National Park is an almost pristine ecosystem and the same species of flora and fauna that have existed since prehistoric times can still be found there.

It is often held that before evolution was developed as a scientific theory, there existed an essentialist view of biology that posited all species to be unchanging throughout time.

Most extinctions have occurred naturally, prior to Homo sapiens walking on Earth: it is estimated that 99. 9 % of all species that have ever existed are now extinct.

Recent archaeological discoveries in Harappa and Chanhu-daro suggest that sericulture, employing wild silk threads from native silkworm species, existed in South Asia during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization, roughly contemporaneous with the earliest known silk use in China.

No Apis species existed in New World in human time before introduction of Apis melifera by Europeans.

Except for some insects ( for example, ants ), all animals are still hunter-gatherer species, even though many have existed longer than the human species.

In contrast, Homo sapiens has existed for at least 200, 000 years, and other species of Homo for millions of years ( see Human evolution ).

While some local populations are aware that the species once existed, its history in the region is poorly documented.

With the sexual dimorphism known to have existed in early hominids, the difference between Ardipithecus and Sahelanthropus may not be large enough to warrant a separate species for the latter.

In Lake Victoria, an isolated lake which formed recently in the African rift valley, over 300 species of cichlid fish adaptively radiated from one parent species in just 15, 000 years.

Species of the family Phycodnaviridae and the species Organic Lake virophage infect algae.

In 1995 Meave Leakey named a new species of hominid Australopithecus anamensis following a series of fossil discoveries near Lake Turkana in 1965, 1987 and 1994, and is around 4. 1 million years old.

This includes one of only two known cyprinid species flocks ( the other, from Lake Lanao in the Philippines, has been decimated by introduced species ), which consists of fifteen relatively large, up to long, Labeobarbus barbs.

It was once an abundant species in Lake Ontario.

In return his name appears attached to several species, as well as here and there throughout the American landscape, notably Lake Agassiz, the Pleistocene precursor to Lake Winnipeg and the Red River.

It primary goals are to reduce phosphorus inputs to Lake Champlain ; reduce toxic contamination ; minimize the risks to humans from water-related health hazards ; and control the introduction, spread, and impact of non-native nuisance species to preserve the integrity of the Lake Champlain ecosystem.

It is considered a world-class fishery for salmonid species ( Lake trout and Atlantic salmon ) and bass.

About 81 fish species live in the Lake, and more than 300 bird species rely on it for habitat and as a resource during migrations.

When recently flooded the lake is almost fresh and native fresh water fish, including bony bream ( Nematolosa erebi ), the Lake Eyre Basin sub-species of golden perch ( Macquaria ambigua ) and various small hardyhead species ( Craterocephalus spp.

Initially, scientists thought the sharks in the lake belonged to an endemic species, the Lake Nicaragua Shark ( Carcharhinus nicaraguensis ).

In 1961, following comparisons of specimens, the Lake Nicaragua Shark was synonymized with the widespread Bull shark ( C. leucas ), a species also known for entering freshwater elsewhere around the world.

* Pearl Mullet, Chalcalburnus tarichi, a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family native to Turkey, where it is the only fish known to inhabit Lake Van

Japanese pearl farmers recently cultured a hybrid pearl mussel – a cross between Biwa Pearl Mussels and a closely related species from China, Hyriopsis cumingi, in Lake Kasumigaura.

To the north and west are the Great Lakes of respectively Lake Victoria ( Africa's largest lake ) and Lake Tanganyika ( the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish ) – and to the southwest lies Lake Nyasa.

Lake Vänern has many different fish species.

Herăstrău is located in the north of the city, around Lake Herăstrău, and is the site of the Village Museum, while the Botanical Garden is the largest of its kind in Romania and contains over 10, 000 species of plants, many of them exotic ; it was once a pleasure park for the royal family.