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Page "Harp" ¶ 17
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string and tuned
The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli ) is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.
The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, bass fiddle, bass violin, doghouse bass, contrabass, bass viol, stand-up bass or bull fiddle, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2 ( see standard tuning ).
The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths ( like a viol ), rather than fifths ( see Tuning, below ).
Five-string instruments have an additional string typically tuned to a low B below the E string.
Occasionally, a higher string is added instead, tuned to the C above the G string.
The double bass is generally tuned in fourths, in contrast to other members of the orchestral string family, which are tuned in fifths.
Major European orchestras generally use basses with a fifth string, tuned to B three octaves and a semitone below middle C. Players with standard double basses ( E-A-D-G ) typically play the notes below " E " an octave higher.
In the United States, Canada and United Kingdom, most professional orchestral players use four-string double basses with a C extension, which extends the lowest string down as far as low C, an octave below the lowest note on the cello ( more rarely, this string may be tuned to a low B ).
Dragonetti frequently played on a three string double bass tuned G-D-A from top to bottom.
A string tuned to flat may be played in natural, but not sharp.
These harps can only play in a single key during any given performance, though any string on a harp can be tuned to a corresponding sharp or flat before a performance and then be returned to its regular tension ( key ) afterwards with little effort.
When two strings tuned to be the same pitch, or to an octave apart, are plucked simultaneously by a single keystroke, the note is louder and richer than one produced by a single string.
Other tunings exist, including " cross-tunings ," in which the usually doubled string runs are tuned to different pitches.
Michael A. Levine composed Divination By Mirrors for musical saw soloist and two string ensembles tuned a quarter tone apart, taking advantage of the saws ability to play in both tunings.
One portion of the G key operated a string tuned to G and the other operated a string tuned to A, similarly one portion of the E key operated a string tuned to E, the other portion operating a string tuned to D. This type of keyboard layout, known as the enharmonic keyboard, extended the flexibility of the harpsichord, enabling composers to write keyboard music calling for harmonies containing the so-called wolf fifth ( G-sharp to E-flat ), but without producing aural discomfort in the listeners ( see: Split sharp ).

string and natural
Both natural harmonics and artificial harmonics, where the thumb stops the note and the octave or other harmonic is activated by lightly touching the string at the relative node point, extend the instrument's range considerably.
In the middle position the top wheel pinches the string, resulting in a natural, giving the scale of C major if all pedals are set in the middle position.
Folk harps with levers installed have a lever close to the top of each string ; when it is engaged, it shortens the string so its pitch is raised a semitone, resulting in a sharped note if the string was a natural, or a natural note if the string was a flat.
* Rope ( originally represented by a natural fibre coiled piece of string, the standard edition now consists of molded plastic or metal )
Some ( American champion Pete Sampras is a prominent example ) consider the natural string to be more responsive, providing a better " feel ", but synthetic is favored for its much superior durability, consistency, as well as much lower cost.
In certain instances, however, legato is used to sound notes instead of an actual pick stroke ( in the case of guitar, hammer-ons and pull-offs ); notably in the upper and lower sections of an arpeggio, where successive strokes on the same string in a row would effectively negate the natural sweeping motion in question.
This comes into play whenever a certain string has to sound two notes in the shape due to the natural limits of a fretted string instrument.
Therefore some guitarists may use legato whereas others may have a natural tendency to double-pick multiple notes on a single string.
The elder Smetana, although uneducated, had a natural gift for music and was a competent violinist who played in a string quartet.
It later transpired that the orchestra's leader had altered the bowing of the string parts to make them more readable, and in so doing obliterated the natural off-beat phrasing that Tippett had carefully notated.
* Sheep gut was the original source for natural gut string used in racquets, such as for tennis.
An example of a natural prosodic stress pattern is that described for French above ; stress is placed on the final syllable of a string of words ( or if that is a schwa, the next-to-final syllable ).
Robert Berg ’ s theory is that the bannerstone was carried by hunters as a spindle weight to produce string from natural fibers gathered while hunting, for the purpose of tying on fletching and hafting stone or bone points.
As a natural vibrator, the string will oscillate with specific modes ( the standing waves of a string in harmonic resonance ), dependent on the length of the string.

string and may
Abhinavagupta likens it to the string of a jeweled necklace ; while it may not be the most appealing for most people, it is the string that gives form to the necklace, allowing the jewels of the other eight rasas to be relished.
This length may have been chosen because it's twice the length of a violin string.
Any string of characters may or may not be a well-formed name for a file or a link depending upon the context of application.
A value expressed using an encoding scheme may thus be a token selected from a controlled vocabulary ( for example, a term from a classification system or set of subject headings ) or a string formatted in accordance with a formal notation, for example, " 2000-12-31 " as the ISO standard expression of a date.
Four-string instruments may feature the C extension extending the range of the E string downwards to C.
" Slap style " may have influenced electric bass guitar players who, from the mid-sixties ( particularly Larry Graham of Sly and the Family Stone ), developed a technique called slap and pop that used the thumb of the plucking hand to hit the string, making a slapping sound but still letting the note ring, and the index or middle finger of the plucking hand to pull the string back so it hits the fretboard, achieving the pop sound described above.
Taken in conjunction with the fact that a string of such parcels existed around Woensel, the original location of Eindhoven may be understood to be the " last hove on the land of Woensel ".
:* L-systems-use string rewriting ; may resemble branching patterns, such as in plants, biological cells ( e. g., neurons and immune system cells ), blood vessels, pulmonary structure, etc.
A number representation ( called a numeral system in mathematics ) specifies some way of storing a number that may be encoded as a string of digits.
It may be one piece ( typically on acoustic guitars ) or separate pieces, one for each string ( electric guitars and basses ).
Also, in order to change a string from one tone to another during a performance, a harp player must take one entire hand off the harp for a moment and switch the lever — this may cause an acoustic gap in a performance, as for a brief moment only one hand will be in use.
The diatonic row has the normal string coloration for a harp, but the chromatic row may be black.
A string may contain up to maximum 4 Gbytes.
This may have given him the confidence finally to complete a number of works that he had wrestled with over many years, such as the cantata Rinaldo, his first string quartet, third piano quartet, and most notably his first symphony.
It may consist of a length of one or several segments of rope, string, webbing, twine, strap, or even chain interwoven such that the line can bind to itself or to some other object — the " load ".
It may prove necessary to string nets or wires above the surface.
The " slippery slope " approach may also relate to the conjunction fallacy: with a long string of steps leading to an undesirable conclusion, the chance of all the steps actually occurring in sequence is less than the chance of any one of the individual steps occurring alone.
Recent research by Eckhard Neubauer suggests ‘ ud may in turn be an Arabized version of the Persian name rud, which meant " string ", " stringed instrument ", or " lute ".

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