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Page "Commerce" ¶ 4
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system and international
It is possible that international organization will ultimately supplant the multi-state system, but its proper function for the immediate future is to reform and supplement that system in order to render pluralism more compatible with an interdependent world.
It is the consequence of the system of ideas that constitutes the frame of our international -- and in some degree our domestic -- policy.
Essentially this imposed two conditions: First, international law had to recognize and be compatible with an international political system in which a number of states were competitive, suspicious, and opportunistic in their political alignments with one another ; ;
In the first place the new doctrine brought a formal separation of international from municipal law, rejecting the earlier view that both were parts of a universal legal system.
The United States, State Department officials explain, now is mainly interested in setting up an international inspection system which will prevent Laos from being used as a base for Communist attacks on neighboring Thailand and South Viet Nam.
-- Alfred Hayes, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, said Tuesday `` there is no present need for far-reaching reforms '' which would basically alter the international financial system.
Hayes said that if a way can be found to deal effectively with short-term capital movements between nations, `` there is no reason, in my judgment why the international financial system cannot work satisfactorily for at least the foreseeable future ''.
The Declaration announced the states ' entry into the international system ; the model treaty was designed to establish amity and commerce with other states ; and the Articles of Confederation, which established “ a firm league ” among the thirteen free and independent states, constituted an international agreement to set up central institutions for the conduct of vital domestic and foreign affairs.
The implementation of the Convention is managed through an international Commission headquartered in Hobart, Australia by an efficient system of annual fishing quotas, licenses and international inspectors on the fishing vessels, as well as satellite surveillance.
The telephone system itself is highly developed and technologically advanced, with full automation in facilities that handle domestic and international telecom.
Most often however the European numbering system for the international E-road network is used.
Sofia, Plovdiv and Gorna Oriahovitsa are the hubs of the domestic system and of international rail connections.
A series of largely unsuccessful 5-year plans initiated in July 1986 in partnership with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund attempted to reform the foreign exchange system, liberalize imports, reduce restrictions on international transactions, diversify exports, and reform the coffee industry.
He was the leader of the British delegation to the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in 1944 that established the Bretton Woods system of international currency management.
Because of this, it has a transportation system which includes more than of roads, 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports, of functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbours that provide access to the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans as well as the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway.
The Cambrian is divided into several regional faunal stages of which the Russian-Kazakhian system is most used in international parlance:
The Cyprus legal system is founded on English law, and is therefore familiar to most international financiers.
* Bancor: an international currency proposed by John Maynard Keynes in the negotiations that established the Bretton Woods system ( never implemented )
Though much attention has been focused on the security and military aspects of Colombia's situation, the administration also is spending significant time on issues such as expanding international trade, supporting alternate means of development, and reforming Colombia's judicial system.
While intervention has been practiced since the international system has existed, its nature changed substantially.
To help counter confusion when reading patterns, a diagramming system using a standard international notation has come into use ( illustration, left ).

system and trade
`` It is a much easier course to agree to let one another alone so far as ordinary patents are concerned '', said a trade authority, `` than to continue the costly effort of straightening the tangle in the courts or seeking to reform the patent system, which appears to be getting into deeper confusion every day ''.
An elaborate system of accounting and reports was worked out, and the trade was to be managed in the most scientific way.
The First Liberal government also established the basis of the later welfare state, with old age pensions, developed a system for settling industrial disputes, which was accepted by both employers and trade unions.
Title IV of these amendments established the Acid Rain Program, a cap and trade system designed to control emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
The loan was used to develop financial markets, improve social safety net programmes, strengthen the tax system, reform agricultural and energy sectors, and further liberalise trade.
A trade or barter exchange is a commercial organization that provides a trading platform and bookkeeping system for its members or clients.
" In the foregoing part of this chapter I have endeavoured to show, even upon the principles of the commercial system, how unnecessary it is to lay extraordinary restraints upon the importation of goods from those countries with which the balance of trade is supposed to be disadvantageous.
However, in more recent years, since the end of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, with the increasing influence of Monetarist schools of thought in the 1980s, and particularly in the face of large sustained trade imbalances, these concerns — and particularly concerns about the destabilising effects of large trade surpluses — have largely disappeared from mainstream economics discourse and Keynes ' insights have slipped from view.
It eliminates the cumbersome system of barter by separating the transactions involved in the exchange of products, thus greatly facilitating specialization and trade through encouraging the exchange of commodities.
The narrow early industrial canals, however, have ceased to carry significant amounts of trade and many have been abandoned to navigation, but may still be used as a system for transportation of untreated water.
Each Party to the Convention must designate one or more Management Authorities in charge of administering the licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities to provide advice about the effects of any proposed trade on the status of the species.
Further, 43 percent of respondents said they use less than half the functionality of their existing system ; 72 percent indicated they would trade functionality for ease of use ; 51 percent cited data synchronization as a major issue ; and 67 percent said that finding time to evaluate systems was a major problem.
The Fascist regime created a corporatist economic system in 1925 with creation of the Palazzo Vidioni Pact, in which the Italian employers ' association Confindustria and Fascist trade unions agreed to recognize each other as the sole representatives of Italy's employers and employees, excluding non-Fascist trade unions.
After the French Revolution they fell in most European nations through the 19th century, as the guild system was disbanded and replaced by free trade laws.
The Antall government of 1990 – 94 began market reforms with price and trade liberation measures, a revamped tax system, and a nascent market-based banking system.
England largely also becomes in this period bound up with the Atlantic trade system, which created something of a cultural continuum over a large part of Western Europe.
They stimulated interregional trade via a tribute system controlled by the manikongo.
The Portuguese were successful in destroying the mwanamutapa system of government and undermining trade.
Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system.
Key factors fostering this environment were: ( 1 ) The period of peace and stability which followed the unification of England and Scotland, ( 2 ) no trade barriers between England and Scotland, ( 3 ) the rule of law ( respecting the sanctity of contracts ), ( 4 ) a straightforward legal system which allowed the formation of joint-stock companies ( corporations ), and ( 5 ) a free market ( capitalism ).
It was found by investigators from the Environmental Investigation Agency ( EIA ) that CITES sales of stockpiles from Singapore and Burundi ( 270 tonnes and 89. 5 tonnes respectively ) had created a system which increased the value of ivory on the international market, rewarded international smugglers and gave them the ability to control the trade and continue smuggling new ivory.

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