Literature searches that previously would have taken days or weeks can now be carried out in seconds via the ADS search engine, custom-built for astronomical needs.

* 1922: British engineer Joseph Salim Peress patented the first spherical type joint which uses a fluid to equalize pressure, and in 1932 built an ADS which was referred to as the Tritonia, and is now commonly called " Jim I.

ADS member Stephen Goranson has found a version of the law, not yet generalized or bearing that name, in a report by Alfred Holt at an 1877 meeting of an engineering society.

W Ursae Majoris has a 12th magnitude companion star with the designation ADS 7494B.

One example of an unconventional subcritical fission pile is an Accelerator-Driven System ( ADS ) that has been proposed for, and in some places is currently being developed for, the Accelerator Transmutation of Waste ( ATW )— for example, using neutrons to transmute large quantities of extremely long-lived nuclear wastes, such as those produced ( mainly ) by conventional nuclear fission reactors, into much less long-lived transmuted elements.

ADS is a powerful research tool and has had a significant impact on the efficiency of astronomical research since it was launched in 1992.

Since about 1995, the number of ADS users has doubled roughly every two years.

The advent of preprint servers has, like ADS, had a significant impact on the rate of astronomical research, as papers are often made available from preprint servers weeks or months before they are published in the journals.

Since its inception, the ADS has developed a highly complex search engine to query the abstract and object databases.

ADS is almost universally used as a research tool among astronomers, and there are several studies that have estimated quantitatively how much more efficient ADS has made astronomy ; one estimated that ADS increased the efficiency of astronomical research by 333 full-time equivalent research years per year, and another found that in 2002 its effect was equivalent to 736 full-time researchers, or all the astronomical research done in France.

ADS has allowed literature searches that would previously have taken days or weeks to carry out to be completed in seconds, and it is estimated that ADS has increased the readership and use of the astronomical literature by a factor of about three since its inception.

The great importance of ADS to astronomers has been recognized by the United Nations, the General Assembly of which has commended ADS on its work and success, particularly noting its importance to astronomers in the developing world, in reports of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.

The range of ADS usage per capita far exceeds the range of GDPs per capita, and basic research carried out in a country, as measured by ADS usage, has been found to be proportional to the square of the country's GDP divided by its population.

ADS has also been used to show that the fraction of single-author astronomy papers has decreased substantially since 1975 and that astronomical papers with more than 50 authors have become more common since 1990.

With Raytheon the U. S. Air Force has developed a nonlethal weapon system called Active Denial System ( ADS ) which emits a beam of radiation with a wavelength of 3 mm.

The concept has more recently been referred to as an accelerator-driven system ( ADS ).

* 2006 August 1: Equipped with an ADS 2000 atmospheric suit a US Navy diver establishes a new depth record: 2, 000 feet deep ( 609 metres ).

* NASA ADS, 1999: Discovery of a Magnetar Associated with the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 1900 + 14

ADS 16402 is a binary star system in Lacerta, around which a planet orbits with some unusual properties.

Another system known with six stars is ADS 9731, which consists of a pair of two triple systems, each of which is a spectroscopic binary in orbit together with a single star.

According to the NASA ADS database, the total number of citations is 1416, and the number of citations with self-citations excluded, is equal to 831.

Initial development of an electronic system for accessing astrophysical abstracts took place during the following two years ; in 1991 discussions took place on how to integrate ADS with the SIMBAD database, containing all available catalog designations for objects outside the solar system, to create a system where astronomers could search for all the papers written about a given object.

An initial version of ADS, with a database consisting of 40 papers, was created as a proof of concept in 1988, and the ADS database was successfully connected with the SIMBAD database in the summer of 1993.

Since the advent of online editions of journals, abstracts are loaded into the ADS on or before the publication date of articles, with the full journal text available to subscribers.

The incorporation of preprints from the arXiv into ADS means that the search engine can return the most current research available, with the caveat that preprints may not have been peer reviewed or proofread to the required standard for publication in the main journals.

The main ADS server is located at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is a dual 64-bit X86 Intel server with two quad-core 3. 0 GHz CPUs and 32 GB of RAM, running the CentOS 5. 4 Linux distribution.

Although it was conceived as a means of accessing abstracts and papers, ADS provides a substantial amount of ancillary information along with search results.

Within the NASA Astrophysics Data System ( ADS ) he also appears to be confused with a third Westphal, " Alfred Friedrich Julius Westphal " (" Dr. A. Westphal "), a geophysicist who lived from August 1, 1850 to 1924 and who first published in 1881.

Humvee with ADS mounted

The college's student association is known as the ADS, which is affiliated with SAM ( Students at Macquarie ).

J-PARC was built with a collaboration between KEK and JAEA, and is used for nuclear physics, particle physics, muon science, neutron science, Accelerator-Driven System ( ADS ) and a range of other applications.

Such a device with a reactor coupled to an accelerator is called an Accelerator-driven system ( ADS ).

Most current ADS designs propose a high-intensity proton accelerator with an energy of about 1 GeV, directed towards a spallation target made of thorium that is cooled by liquid lead-bismuth in the core of the reactor.

Use of ADS is almost universal among astronomers worldwide, and therefore ADS usage statistics can be used to analyze global trends in astronomical research.

ADS currently receives abstracts or tables of contents from almost two hundred journal sources.

Because it is used almost universally by astronomers, ADS can reveal much about how astronomical research is distributed around the world.

Studies have found that the benefit to astronomy of the ADS is equivalent to several hundred million US dollars annually, and the system is estimated to have tripled the readership of astronomical journals.

As well as simple synonym replacement such as searching for both plural and singular forms, ADS also searches for a large number of specifically astronomical synonyms.

There are about 12, 000 active astronomical researchers worldwide, so ADS is the equivalent of about 5 % of the working population of astronomers.

The global astronomical research budget is estimated at between 4, 000 and 5, 000 million USD, so the value of ADS to astronomy would be about 200 – 250 million USD annually.

At first, the journal articles available via ADS were scanned bitmaps created from the paper journals, but from 1995 onwards, the Astrophysical Journal began to publish an on-line edition, soon followed by the other main journals such as Astronomy and Astrophysics and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Astronomical papers may cite and be cited by articles in journals which fall outside the scope of ADS, such as chemistry, mathematics or biology journals.