Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols.

A quotation is often included ( occasionally automatically generated by such tools as fortune ), or an ASCII art picture.

Encoding formats commonly used were primarily driven by those formats that EPROM programming devices supported and included various ASCII hex variants as well as a number of computer-proprietary formats.

The AIM included a full ASCII keyboard, a 20-character 14-segment alphanumeric LED display, and a small cash register-like printer.

Other features removed included the Expanded view of the Message Archives, which allowed users to read messages in chronological order from top to bottom ; the message history grid on the Home page, a table which showed the number of messages posted by month and year ( this was useful for prospective members wanting an idea of a group's activity level ); automatic quoting of the original message in replies posted via the group's website ; the option of viewing ASCII art, computer programs and tables in messages as plain text in a fixed-width font ; the ability for ordinary members ( non-moderators ) to view the HTML source code of a message ( helpful to members and moderators in tracking trolling attempts ); and compatibility with any browser not supporting advanced JavaScript, including browsers in mobile phones, PDAs and the like.

Several tab characters are included as ASCII control characters, used for text alignment.

A typical warez NFO file was elaborate and highly decorated, and usually included a large ASCII art logo along with software release and warez group information.

An added problem lies in the fact that many modern web browsers and text editing programs often use proportional fonts, whereas the ASCII art included in both old and new NFO files is heavily dependent on the file being viewed with a fixed width font.

Code page 437 included the standard 127 ASCII characters but also another 127 characters like the aforementioned characters for drawing forms.

A crude disk editor was also included with the cartridge, which displayed raw data from floppy disks in classical hex + ASCII split screen mode.

The BUAGs most often ridiculed on alt. fan. warlord included: ASCII images of Bart Simpson, stick figures on bicycles, immense swords, and, in the case of Australian Usenet denizens, maps of Australia ( often with the city of Perth marked with an asterisk ).

The choice of the symbol has been explained by the authors as being concise, readily printed and transmitted electronically ( the at sign is included in ASCII, which most modern character encoding schemes are based on ), and the visual aspects suggesting the structure of an endohedral fullerene.

Such " extended ASCII " sets were common ( the National Replacement Character Set provided sets for more than a dozen European languages ), but MCS has the distinction of being the ancestor of both ISO 8859-1 and Unicode.

The committee decided it was important to support upper case 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes.

Note: An example of bit pairing occurs in the International Alphabet No. 5 and the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII ), where the upper case letters are related to their respective lower case letters by the state of bit six.

ASCII added upper and lower case, with enough punctuation to print most documents.

For example, IBM built computers in the early 1960s with 8-bit characters, and an " upper half " of Latin I characters became common in many data networks that had formerly used 7-bit ASCII.

* Harvard-Kyoto: Uses upper and lower case and doubling of letters, to avoid the use of diacritics, and to restrict the range to 7-bit ASCII.

Commodore brand 8-bit computers used PETSCII encoding, particularly notable for inverting the upper and lower case compared to standard ASCII.

A second EPROM was used as a fixed character generator, providing upper and lower case ASCII characters and graphic symbols ; the character generator was not accessible to the CPU.

So before we get to the possibility of inserting ü in position one it is necessary to skip over six ( there are five characters in " bcher " giving six insertion positions ) potential insertions of each of the 124 preceding non-ASCII code points ( 252-128, the upper limit of ASCII ) and one possible insertion ( at position zero ) of code point 252.

The lower 128 codepoints are plain ASCII, the upper 128 codepoints are ISCII-specific.

The lower 128 codepoints are plain ASCII, the upper 128 codepoints are TSCII-specific.

The lower half was fixed in ROM, and contained the usual ASCII character set.

As with all varieties of ISO / IEC 8859, the lower 128 codes are equivalent to ASCII.

The BBC Micro used a variant of ASCII that replaced the backtick ("`", character 96, hex 60 ) with the pound sign ( ISO / IEC 8859 had not yet been standardised, and it was advantageous to have commonly-used characters available in the lower, 7-bit ASCII table ), denoted as CHR $ 96 or ( hex ) CHR $& 60.

* A character from the lower half of JIS-X-0201 ( ASCII, code set 0 ) is represented by one byte, in the range 0x21 – 0x7E.

In 1991, an AMTOR extension was described that includes lower case and other printable ASCII characters.

However, to make a working computer, users still had to add a case, power supply transformers, power switch, ASCII keyboard, and composite video display.

UTF-16 or UTF-32, which can be used for all languages as well, are less widely used because they can be harder to handle in programming languages that assume a byte-oriented ASCII superset encoding, and they are less efficient for text with a high frequency of ASCII characters, which is usually the case for HTML documents.

If each character is stored in 8 bits ( as in ASCII or ISO Latin 1 ), the table has only 2 < sup > 8 </ sup > = 256 entries ; in the case of Unicode characters, the table would have 17 × 2 < sup > 16 </ sup > = 1114112 entries.

* 4 bytes: an ASCII identifier for this particular RIFF or LIST chunk ( for RIFF in the typical case, these 4 bytes describe the content of the entire file, such as " AVI " or " WAVE ").

It is optimized for the case where the string is composed of zero or more ASCII characters and in addition characters from only one other script system, but will cope with any arbitrary Unicode string.

In the first line above, ' 66677789 ' is the recipient's address ( telephone number ) and ' 68656C6C6F ' is the content of the message, in this case the ASCII string " hello ".

Beyond the manual labor of type-ins, it was not uncommon for certain magazines to print poor quality listings, presenting the reader with nearly illegible characters ( especially in the case where machine-code data was printed using extended ASCII glyphs instead of DATA statements ); this typically happened when transferring the list output from the era's ubiquitous 7 – 8-pin dot-matrix printers directly to the printing presses — sometimes even without prettyprinting.

This is not quite ASCII art, because it used the proprietary graphical characters of the IBM PC character set as well as standard ASCII characters, and also depended on the setting of foreground and background colors for individual characters ; such a combination was sometimes termed ANSI art, but that is a misnomer in this case because the ANSI escape sequences were not used.

Such pages are typically printed using line printers ( or, in the case of personal computers, character ( usually dot matrix ) printers ) that accepts a simple code such as ASCII, and the end of a printed page can be indicated by a control character called the form feed.

Since 2009, countries with non-Latin based alphabets or scripting systems may apply for internationalized country code top-level domain names, which are displayed in end-user applications in their language-native script or alphabet, but use a Punycode-translated ASCII domain name in the Domain Name System.

The character set allowed in the Domain Name System is based on ASCII and does not allow the representation of names and words of many languages in their native scripts or alphabets.

Since most alphabets do reside in blocks of contiguous Unicode codepoints, texts that use small alphabets and either ASCII punctuation or punctuation that fits within the window for the main alphabet can be encoded at one byte per character ( plus setup overhead, which for common languages is often only 1 byte ), most other punctuation can be encoded at 2 bytes per symbol through non-locking shifts.

* ABC notation, a language for notating music using the ASCII character set

BBSes were generally text-based, rather than GUI-based, and early BBSes conversed using the simple ASCII character set.

However, some home computer manufacturers extended the ASCII character set to take advantage of the advanced color and graphics capabilities of their systems.

For example, a Commodore 64 user calling an Atari BBS would use ASCII rather than the machine's native character set.

in the ASCII character set, the digits 0 to 9 have sequential

The Baudot code, invented by Émile Baudot, is a character set predating EBCDIC and ASCII.

All entries in the ASCII table below code 32 ( technically the C0 control code set ) and 127 are of this kind, including BEL ( which is intended to cause an audible signal in the receiving terminal ), SYN ( which is a synchronization signal ), and ENQ ( a signal that is intended to trigger a response at the receiving end, to see if it is still present ).

The Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC ) character set contains 65 control codes, including all of the ASCII control codes as well as additional codes which are mostly used to control IBM peripherals.

As a crude example, each finger might control one key which corresponds to one bit in a byte, so that using seven keys and seven fingers, one could enter any character in the ASCII set — if the user could remember the binary codes.

The simplest kind of automated collation is based on the numerical codes of the symbols in a character set, such as ASCII coding ( or any of its supersets such as Unicode ), with the symbols being ordered in increasing numerical order of their codes, and this ordering being extended to strings in accordance with the basic principles of alphabetical ordering ( mathematically speaking, lexicographical ordering ).

The characters allowed in a label are a subset of the ASCII character set, and includes the characters a through z, A through Z, digits 0 through 9, and the hyphen.

An alphabet, in the context of formal languages, can be any set, although it often makes sense to use an alphabet in the usual sense of the word, or more generally a character set such as ASCII.

Optional features for the 3275 and 3277 were the selector-pen or light pen, ASCII rather than EBCDIC character set, an audible alarm, and a keylock for the keyboard.

IBM mainframes used an EBCDIC character set and CP / M and DEC machines used ASCII, so conversion between the two character sets was one of the early functions built into Kermit.

MIME defines a collection of email headers for specifying additional attributes of a message including content type, and defines a set of transfer encodings which can be used to represent 8-bit binary data using characters from the 7-bit ASCII character set.

In June 1992, MIME ( RFC 1341, since made obsolete by RFC 2045 ) defined a set of methods for representing binary data in ASCII text format.

Unicode steganоgraphy uses lookalike characters of the usual ASCII set to look normal, while really carrying extra bits of information.

* A plain text file uses a simple character set such as ASCII to represent numbers, letters, and a small number of symbols.

Dave Prosser of Unix System Laboratories submitted a proposal for one that had faster implementation characteristics and introduced the improvement that 7-bit ASCII characters would only represent themselves ; all multibyte sequences would include only bytes where the high bit was set.

Domain names may be formed from the set of alphanumeric ASCII characters ( a-z, A-Z, 0-9 ), but characters are case-insensitive.