Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / ` Abdü ’ l -` Azīz ; February 9 / 18, 1830 – June 4, 1876 ) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

Born at the Eyüp Palace, Constantinople ( Constantinople ), on 9 / 18 February 1830, Abdülaziz received an Ottoman education but was nevertheless an ardent admirer of the material progress that was made in the West.

The biggest achievement of Abdülaziz was to modernize the Ottoman Navy.

Through a military coup in 1876, they forced Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) to abdicate in favour of Murad V. However, Murad V was mentally ill and was deposed within a few months.

Murad became the Sultan when his uncle Abdülaziz was deposed.

His reign is notable mostly for the extensive administrative, military and fiscal reforms he instituted, which culminated into the Decree of Tanzimat ( Reorganization ) that was carried out by his sons Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz I.

On 29 May 1868, he was born at Dolmabahçe Palace or at Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, in Constantinople, to then Sultan Abdülaziz and his wife Hayranıdil Kadınefendi.

The Muhammad Ali Dynasty ’ s use of the title Khedive was not sanctioned by the Ottoman Empire until 1867 when Sultan Abdülaziz officially recognized it as the title of Ismail Pasha.

This bridge was replaced by a second wooden bridge in 1863, built by Ethem Pertev Paşa on the orders of Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) during the infrastructure improvement works prior to the visit of Napoleon III to Istanbul.

The area was thus the scene of great intrigues of the late Ottoman period such as the dethronement of Sultan Abdülaziz at Dolmabahçe Palace in a coup in 1876, the announcement of the founding of the Ottoman parliament in 1908, and the deposing of Sultan Abdul Hamid II at Yıldız Palace in 1909.

Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) was the first Ottoman sultan to travel to Europe.

Sultan Abdülaziz was impressed by the French educational system during his visit, and on his return to Istanbul he announced the Edict of Public Education which established a free compulsory education system for all children until they became twelve.

In the following February, however, Midhat was dismissed and banished for supposed complicity in the murder of Abdülaziz.

The Ottoman era yalı ( residence ) | yalı, which was presented to Esma Sultana ( 1873-1899 ) | Sultana Esma as a wedding gift by her father Abdülaziz I | Sultan Abdülaziz, was largely damaged by a fire in 1975.

He was confined to the Cage by his uncle ( Abdülaziz ) and had stayed there during the reigns of his 3 older brothers.

The Exarchate ( a de-facto autocephaly ) was unilaterally ( without the blessing of the Ecumenical Patriarch ) promulgated on, in the Bulgarian church in Constantinople in pursuance of the firman of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1861, a national constitution ( Sahmanadrootiun in Armenian ) was granted to Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Abdülaziz.

He was high in favour with Sultan Abdülaziz and fell much under the influence of General Ignatiev, the forceful Russian ambassador before the war of 1877-78, his subserviency to Russia earning for him the nickname of " Nedimoff ".

Remitted by Abdülaziz to Napoleon III in 1862.

This trend began in 1861, with the translation into Ottoman Turkish of François Fénelon's 1699 novel Les aventures de Télémaque, by Yusuf Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier to Sultan Abdülaziz.

In seeking to calm down the disturbances, the Ottoman government of Abdülaziz granted the right to establish an autonomous Bulgarian Exarchate for the dioceses of Bulgaria as well as those, wherein at least two thirds of Orthodox Christians were willing to join it, by issuing the Sultan's firman promulgated on.

His Inno Turco ( 1856 ) for Sultan Abdülmecid I set to a Turkish text was later sung in London during the state visit of Sultan Abdülaziz at Crystal Palace by a British choir of 1600 in July 1867.

In 1869, Abdülaziz received visits from Eugénie de Montijo, Empress consort of Napoleon III of France and other foreign monarchs on their way to the opening of the Suez Canal.

Within a few days, on 4 June 1876, they arranged for Sultan Abdülaziz to kill himself with scissors, cutting his two wrists at the same time.

Two years later, on June 10, 1869, Gavand received permission from the Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz to start the project with a forty-two year concession to operate it.

He accompanied the sultan Abdülaziz on his journey to Egypt and Europe.

Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 76 ) confined his nephews to the Cage when he succeeded his half-brother Abdülmecid I ( their father ) on the throne, but allowed them some freedom.

The Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz decided and permitted the route to run on the shoreline of the Sea of Marmara bordering the walls of Topkapı Palace ’ s lower garden.

In the summer of 1875, he joined a group of revolutionaries intending to set Constantinople on fire and assassinate sultan Abdülaziz.

* Abdülaziz ( 1830 – 1876 ), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

In 1871, Sultan Abdülaziz built the Çırağan Palace in Ortaköy, where he lived for some time.

The foundation era covers the years between 1300 ( Byzantine expedition ) and 1453 ( Fall of Constantinople ), the classical period covers the years between 1451 ( enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II ) and 1606 ( Peace of Zsitvatorok ), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 ( Vaka-i Hayriye ), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 ( enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz ) and 1918 ( Armistice of Mudros ).

The mausoleum ( türbe ) of Sultan Mehmet II in Divan Yolu street, where Abdülaziz is buried as well

Sarcophagus of Sultan Abdülaziz in the mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud II.

* Sultan Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Empire )

* Andreas Birken, " The Tughra of Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861-76 )", Peshawar Stamp Society

The only official night opening during the story of Bazaar occurred during the feast organized for the return of Sultan Abdülaziz from Egypt, when the Sovereign crossed the illuminated market riding an horse among the rejoicing populace.

In protest of this decision, Mustafa Fazl Pasha left Egypt for Paris, where he patronized the Young Ottomans opposition against the Sultan Abdülaziz.

In 1867, Namik Kemal and other Young Ottomans published the open letter of a disgruntled Egyptian prince Mustafa Fazl Pasha to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, advocating constitutional and parliamentary governance.

That year Abdülaziz led the visiting Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of France, to see his mother.

Abdülaziz cultivated good relations with the Second French Empire and the British.

In foreign policy, Abdülaziz turned to the Russian Empire for friendship, as turmoil in the Balkan provinces continued.

June 25: Abdülaziz.

They were not allowed to return to Crete, and stayed in Syros until 1872, when Abdülaziz granted an amnesty.