In the 10th century, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi carried out observations on the stars and described their positions, magnitudes and star color, and gave drawings for each constellation, in his Book of Fixed Stars.

Born near Damascus in Syria, Abd al-Rahman, grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, was the son of the Umayyad prince Mu ' awiyah ibn Hisham and a Berber mother.

Abd al-Rahman and a small selection of his family fled Damascus, where the center of Umayyad power had been ; people moving with him include his brother Yahiya, his four-year old son Sulayman, and some of his sisters, as well as his former Greek slave ( a freedman ), Bedr.

Abbasid agents closed in on Abd al-Rahman and his family while they were hiding in a small village.

Some histories indicate that Bedr met up with Abd al-Rahman at a later date.

Abd al-Rahman, Yahiya and Bedr quit the village narrowly escaping the Abbasid assassins.

Later, on the way south, Abbasid horsemen again caught up with the trio: Abd al-Rahman and his companions then threw themselves into the River Euphrates.

While trying to swim across the dangerous Euphrates, Abd al-Rahman is said to have become separated from his brother Yahiya, who began swimming back towards the horsemen, possibly from fear of drowning.

Al-Maqqari quotes prior Muslim historians as having recorded that Abd al-Rahman said he was so overcome with fear at that moment, that once he made the far shore he ran until exhaustion overcame him.

After barely escaping with their lives, Abd al-Rahman and Bedr continued south through Palestine, the Sinai, and then into Egypt.

Abd al-Rahman had to keep a low profile as he traveled.

At the time, Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Fihri was the semi-autonomous governor of Ifriqiya ( roughly, modern Tunisia ) and a former Umayyad client.

Abd al-Rahman was only one of several surviving Umayyad family members to make their way to Ifriqiya at this time.

At the time, Abd al-Rahman and Bedr were keeping a low profile, staying in Kabylia, at the camp of a Nafza Berber chieftain friendly to their plight.

When Ibn Habib's soldiers entered the camp, the Berber chieftain ’ s wife Tekfah hid Abd al-Rahman under her personal belongings to help him go unnoticed.

In 755, Abd al-Rahman and Bedr reached modern day Morocco near Ceuta.

Their next step would be to cross the sea to al-Andalus, where Abd al-Rahman could not have been sure whether or not he would be welcomed.

At that moment, the nominal ruler of al-Andalus, emir Yusuf ibn ' Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri ( another member of the Fihrid family, and a favorite of the old Arab settlers ( baladiyun ), mostly of south Arabian or ' Yemenite ' tribal stock ) was locked in a contest with his vizier ( and son-in-law ) al-Sumayl ibn Hatim al-Qilabi, the head of the new settlers ( shamiyum, the Syrian junds or military regiments, mostly of north Arabian Qaysid tribes, which had arrived only in 742 ).

Variations of the spelling of his name include Abd ar-Rahman I, Abdul Rahman I and Abderraman I.

Statue of Abd al-Rahman I in Almuñécar, Spain

Abd al-Rahman's alleged favorite son was his choice for successor, and would later be known as Hisham I. Abd ar-Rahman's progeny would continue to rule al-Andalus in the name of the house of Umayya for several generations, with the zenith of their power coming during the reign of Abd al-Rahman III.

de: Abd ar-Rahman I.

et :‘ Abd ar-Raḩmān I

gl: Abd al-Rahman I

ms: Abd ar-Rahman I dari Cordoba

nl: Abd al-Rahman I

pl: Abd ar-Rahman I

ro: Abd er-Rahman I

sk: Abd ar-Rahmán I.

sl: Abd Al Rahman I.

sh: Abd ar-Rahman I

fi: Abd ar-Rahman I

sv: Abd ar-Rahman I

Abd ar-Rahman II was born in Toledo, the son of Emir Al-Hakam I.

Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد اول ` Abdü ’ l-Ḥamīd-i evvel ), which translates to the Servant of God ( March 20, 1725 – April 7, 1789 ), was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Abu Bakr's full name was ' Abd Allah ibn ' Uthman ibn Aamir ibn Amr ibn Ka ' ab ibn Sa ' ad ibn Taym ( from whom the at-Taymi al-Quraishi ) ibn Murrah ibn Ka ' ab ibn Lu ' ai ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr al-Quraishi.

In an attempt to demoralize Abd al-Rahman's troops, al-Fihri ensured that his troops not only were well fed, but also ate gluttonous amounts of food in full view of the Umayyad lines.

Abd el-Krim ( 1882-3, Ajdir – February 6, 1963, Cairo ) ( full name: Muhammad Ibn ' Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi,, Berber name: Muḥend n Ɛabd Krim Lxeṭṭabi or Moulay Muḥend ) was a Moroccan political and military leader.

Ibn Tufail ( c. 1105 – 1185 ) ( full Arabic name: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi ; Latinized form: Abubacer Aben Tofail ; Anglicized form: Abubekar or Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail ) was an Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, vizier, and court official.

829 – 915 AD / CE ), full name Aḥmad ibn Shu ` ayb ibn Alī ibn Sīnān Abū ` Abd ar-Raḥmān al-Nasā ' ī, was a noted collector of hadith ( sayings of Muhammad ), and wrote one of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, Sunan al-Sughra, or " Al-Mujtaba ", which he selected from his " As-Sunan al-Kubra ".

d. after 1913 ) was the Panembahan ( in full Sri Paduka Tuanku Gusti Adi ' Abd al-Majid Panembahan ) of the Sintang traditional state 1905-1913.

His father soon appointed him as heir apparent ( full original title Gusti Adi ' Abd al-Majid, Pangeran Ratu Adipati Kusuma Negara ).

Citing a prophetic tradition ( hadīth ) of Muhammad, Abu ‘ Abd Allah replied that in fact this place was named after the very Kutama themselves: “ The Mahdi shall emigrate far from his home at a time full of trails and tribulations.

Her full sister Salma bint Umays married Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib.

His full name was Bilal ibn al-Harith ibn ' Asim ibn Sa ' id ibn Qurrah ibn Khaladah ibn Tha ' labah Abu ' Abd ar-Rahman al-Mazani.

Hashim had two full brothers, the elder was ' Abd Shams and younger was Muttalib who would succeed him, and half-brother Nawfal whose mother was Waqida bint Amr.

' Abd al-Hakim Murad said of Fath al-Bari in the introduction to the translation of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's commentary on selected hadith ( published as a booklet by the Muslim Academic Trust ): " The importance of this literature may be gauged by the fact that at least seventy full commentaries have been written on Imam al-Bukhari ’ s great Sahih ... the most celebrated of which is without question the magnificent Fath al-Bari ( Victory of the Creator ) by Imam Ibn Hajar al -‘ Asqalani, a work which was the crown both of its genre and of the Imam ’ s academic career.

Zubair was full brother to Abu Talib and Muhammad's father Abdullah from Abd al-Muttalib's wife Fatimah.