In 1892, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was appointed in his father's will to be his successor and head of the Bahá ' í Faith.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá was born in Tehran to an aristocratic family of the realm.

Along with his father, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was exiled to Baghdad where the family lived for nine years.

By the age of 64 after forty years imprisonment ` Abdu ’ l-Bahá was freed by the Young Turks and he and his family began to live in relative safety.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá's given name was ` Abbás, but he preferred the title of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ( servant of the glory of God ).

` Abdu ' l-Bahá was born in Tehran, Iran on 23 May 1844 ( 5th of Jamadiyu ' l-Avval, 1260 AH ), the eldest son of Bahá ' u ' lláh and Navváb.

As a child, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was shaped by his father's position as a prominent Bábí.

` Abdu ’ l-Bahá had a happy and carefree childhood.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá enjoyed playing in the gardens with his younger sister whom he was very close to.

With his father's declination of the position as minister of the court ; during his young boyhood ` Abdu ’ l-Bahá witnessed his parents ' various charitable endeavours, which included converting part of the home to a hospital ward for women and children.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá received a haphazard education during his childhood.

Despite a brief spell at a traditional preparatory school at the age of seven for one year, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá received no formal education.

Years later in 1890 Edward Granville Browne described how ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was " one more eloquent of speech, more ready of argument, more apt of illustration, more intimately acquainted with the sacred books of the Jews, the Christians, and the Muhammadans ... scarcely be found even amongst the eloquent.

When ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was seven, he contracted tuberculosis and was expected to die.

One event that affected ` Abdu ' l-Bahá greatly during his childhood was the imprisonment of his father when ` Abdu ' l-Bahá was eight years old ; the imprisonment led to his family being reduced to poverty and being attacked in the streets by other children.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá accompanied his mother to visit Bahá ' u ' lláh who was then imprisoned in the infamous subterranean dungeon the Síyáh-Chál.

Bahá ' u ' lláh was eventually released from prison but ordered into exile, and ` Abdu ' l-Bahá then eight joined his father on the journey to Baghdad in the winter ( January to April ) of 1853.

During the journey ` Abdu ' l-Bahá suffered from frost-bite.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá was particularly close to both, and his mother took active participation in his education and upbringing.

During the two year absence of his father ` Abdu ' l-Bahá took up the duty of managing the affairs of the family, before his age of maturity ( 14 in middle-eastern society ) and was known to be occupied with reading and, at a time of hand-copied scriptures being the primary means of publishing, was also engaged in copying the writings of the Báb.

Arab poets of that time — called shu ` ara ' al-Jahiliyah ( شعراء الجاهلية ) or " Jahili poets ", meaning " the poets of the period of ignorance "— used to recite poems with a high notes.

Although Afars constituted a significant part of Adal, Didier Morin notes that " the exact influence of the ʿAfar inside the Kingdom of ` Adal is still conjectural due to its multi-ethnic basis.

` Lectures on Supersymmetry ` ( notes by Dennis Gaitsgory )

` Abdu ' l-Bahá advised all Bahá ' ís to shun anyone opposing the Covenant: "... one of the greatest and most fundamental principles of the Cause of God is to shun and avoid entirely the Covenant-breakers, for they will utterly destroy the Cause of God, exterminate His Law and render of no account all efforts exerted in the past.

: In traditional Jewish thought, the fundamental belief in reward and punishment ( included among Maimonides ` " Jewish Principles of Faith ") is given wider context, and various interpretations, that bring out its different aspects.

A fundamental part of ` Abdul-Bahá's teachings on evolution is the belief that all life came from the same origin: " the origin of all material life is one ..." He states that from this sole origin, the complete diversity of life was generated: " Consider the world of created beings, how varied and diverse they are in species, yet with one sole origin " He explains that a slow, gradual process led to the development of complex entities:

Taught word-by-word in Aramit by the maggid of the Ram ` hal, they parallel the Tikouney haZohar of the Rashbi, which expose the 70 fundamental understandings of the first verse of the ` Houmash.

The interpretation of this theorem as a calculational tool for " fundamental groups " needs some development of ` combinatorial groupoid theory ',.

While a Ritchie victory was widely predicted, when Nice took all but three counties the postmortems agreed that the governor's longevity ' and the cry of ` too long ' ' was the fundamental explanation, although the opposition of Baltimore blacks and labor also seemed significant.

and either ( a ) reduces them to more fundamental principles ( e. g. Merge, Move, Agree ), ( b ) derives them from ` reasonable ’ interface constraints on derivations ( e. g. bottom-up Merge and requirement that no derivation be counter-cyclic derives Relativized Minimality effects ) or ( c ) programmatically suggests that they be either derived from more basic principles or eliminated subject to future research ( e. g. Binding Principles ).

The writings of Bahá ' u ' lláh, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, and Shoghi Effendi are considered fundamental and unchangeable, while the application of some of them depends on decisions by the Universal House of Justice.

The equality of men and women is a fundamental Bahá ' í principle, that is explicit in the writings of Bahá ' u ' lláh, the founder of the Bahá ' í Faith, and particularly in the writings and discourses of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, his son and chosen interpreter.

The original terms of JUSTICE's constitution committed it ` to uphold and strengthen the principles of the Rule of Law in the territories for which the British Parliament is directly or ultimately responsible: in particular, to assist in the administration of justice and in the preservation of the fundamental liberties of the individual '.

* " Treacherous Ruhi Afnan, not content with previous disobedience, correspondence with Mirza Ahmad Sohrab, contact with old Covenant-breakers, sale, in conjunction with other members of family, of sacred property purchased by Founder of Faith, and allowing his sister to marry son of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's enemy, is now openly lecturing on Bahá ' í movement, claiming to be its exponent and is misrepresenting the teachings and deliberately causing confusion in minds of authorities and the local population.

In their view, Moses not only received the Torah, but also the revealed ( written and oral ) and the hidden ( the ` hokhmat nistar teachings, which gave Judaism the Zohar of the Rashbi, the Torah of the Ari haQadosh and all that is discussed in the Heavenly Yeshiva between the Ramhal and his masters ).

: ` And this the Presbyter used to say is in the plural implying John the Elder would employ this argument multiple times in defense of Mark's Gospel: " Mark, being the recorder of Peter, wrote accurately but not in order whatever he remembered of the things either said or done by the Lord ; for he had neither heard the Lord nor followed him, but later, as I said, Peter, who used to make teachings according to the cheias, special kind of anecdote but not making as it were a systematic composition of the Lord's sayings ; so that Mark did not err at all when he wrote certain things just as he had recalled.

There is disagreement over the amount of time Sayyid Mírzá ` Alí-Muhammad stayed in Karbila ' and the frequency of him attending Sayyid Káz &# 803 ; im's lectures ; Bahá ' í sources state that the Báb only occasionally attended the meetings, while sources more critical to the Bahá ' í Faith state that he stayed in Karbila for a year or two and learned the Shayki teachings.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá has stated that from time to time an educator will come to teach humanity, and without these teachings humanity would be overcome by such emotions and attitudes as anger, jealousy and hatred.

Many had been strongly attracted to the personality of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá and the spiritual teachings of the Bahá ' í Faith.

The Bahá ' í teachings represent a considerable number of theological, social, and spiritual ideas that were established in the Bahá ' í Faith by Bahá ' u ' lláh, the founder of the religion, and clarified by successive leaders including ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, Bahá ' u ' lláh's son, and Shoghi Effendi, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá's grandson.

:" You have asked him Effendi for detailed information concerning the Bahá ' í educational programme: there is as yet no such thing as a Bahá ' í curriculum, and there are no Bahá ' í publications exclusively devoted to this subject, since the teachings of Bahá ' u ' lláh and ` Abdu ' l-Bahá do not present a definite and detailed educational system, but simply offer certain basic principles and set forth a number of teaching ideals that should guide future Bahá ' í educationalists in their efforts to formulate an adequate teaching curriculum which would be in full harmony with the spirit of the Bahá ' í Teachings, and would thus meet the requirements and needs of the modern age.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá explained that religious teachings which are at variance with science should not be accepted ; he explained that religion has to be reasonable since God endowed humankind with reason so that they can discover truth.