An example of a " pure " abjad is ancient Phoenician.

Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Melkart and a tunny-fish ; those of Tiberius ( who seems to have made the place a colonia ) show the chief temple of the town with two tunny-fish erect in the form of columns.

The name Barcelona comes from the ancient Iberian Phoenician Barkeno, attested in an ancient coin inscription in Iberian script as Barkeno in Levantine Iberian script, in Ancient Greek sources as, Barkinṓn ; and in Latin as Barcino, Barcilonum and Barceno.

In Lebanon, the right-wing Guardians of the Cedars, a fiercely nationalistic ( mainly Christian ) political party which opposes the country's ties to the Arab world, is agitating for " Lebanese " to be recognized as a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect, and has even advocated replacing the Arabic alphabet with a revival of the ancient Phoenician alphabet, which lacks a number of characters to write typical Arabic phonemes present in Lebanese, and lost by Phoenician ( and Hebrew ) in the second millennium BC.

The ancient paleo-Hebrew alphabet is similar to those used for Canaanite and Phoenician.

Northern Canaanites are commonly thought to develop into Phoenicians by the 8th century BC-a claim which has recently been verified by genetic comparison analysis of ancient Canaanite and Phoenician burial sites in modern Lebanon.

The early trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 25 oars on each side, and of the bireme (, diērēs ), a warship with two banks of oars, probably of Phoenician origin.

Cultural and delegated administrative centre of the Gallura sub-region, Tempio has an ancient history and is the centre of one of the two main areas that remained safe from Phoenician colonisation.

In the northeastern portion of the city there are the remains of ancient Elymian and Phoenician walls indicating different stages of settlement and occupation in antiquity.

Marsala is built on the ruins of the ancient Carthaginian city Lilibeo, and encompasses the famous archaeological site Motya island ( an ancient Phoenician town ).

Just 400, 000 m² in size, the history Mozia is very ancient: as a shipping centre and staging post, and due to its presence near the coast of important trade city, it was one of the most important Phoenician and Carthaginian settlements in the Mediterranean area.

Phoenician ship models also provide archaeologists information regarding the technical aspects of seafaring, and the cultural importance of seafaring for the ancient Phoenicians.

As is attested by the ambiguity of the holes in the sides of the Phoenician model, and the skiff from Meketre, archaeologists need to be aware of the possibility of artistic error while interpreting ancient ship models.

attempted to link the Irish to ancient Phoenician settlement.

Juba II sent a contingent to Iles Purpuraires to re-establish the ancient Phoenician dye manufacturing process.

Cadmus was credited by the ancient Greeks ( Herodotus is an example ) with introducing the original Alphabet or Phoenician alphabet -- phoinikeia grammata, " Phoenician letters " -- to the Greeks, who adapted it to form their Greek alphabet.

In Histoire des nations civilisées du Mexique et de l ' Amérique Centrale ( 1857 ), Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg claimed Votan was an ancient Phoenician legislateur who had migrated from the Middle East to the Maya area, defeated a race called the Quiname, built the city of Palenque, and established an empire called Xibalba that was postulated by Brasseur de Bourbourg to have once covered all of Mexico and part of the United States.

Subsequent Mayanist scholarship has found little support for Phoenician contact with ancient Mesoamerica, and identifies Xibalba as a mythical place rather than a political entity.

Historical examples include the oldest known Sumerian cities of Mesopotamia and Ur, the Phoenician cities of Canaan ( such as Tyre and Sidon ), the Berber city-states of the Garamantes, the city-states of ancient Greece ( the poleis such as Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and Corinth ), the Roman Republic which grew from a city-state into a great power, the Maya of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica ( including sites such as Chichen Itza, Tikal, Palenque and El Mirador ), the central Asian cities along the Silk Road, Venice, Croatian city-state of Ragusa ( Dubrovnik ) and many others.

The Greek name of the ancient town is from its Phoenician name, meaning " New Town ", as is the name of Carthage.

Harris dates studies of both to Classical Greece and Classical Rome, specifically, to Herodotus, often called the " father of history " and the Roman historian, Tacitus, who wrote many of our only surviving contemporary accounts of several ancient Celtic and Germanic peoples.

Many ancient historians accuse Agrippina of poisoning Emperor Claudius, though accounts vary.

In Critias, Plato claims that his accounts of ancient Athens and Atlantis stem from a visit to Egypt by the legendary Athenian lawgiver Solon in the 6th century BC.

Neither of the main ancient sources for this period, Ammianus Marcellinus and Zosimus, mention the Bastarnae in their accounts of the 4th century, possibly implying the loss of their separate identity, presumably subsumed into the neighbouring Sarmatians or Goths.

This campaign is derided by ancient historians with accounts of Gauls dressed up as Germanic tribesmen at his triumph and Roman troops ordered to collect seashells as " spoils of the sea ".

* The novel ' Hadassah ' by J. Francis Hudson ( Lion Publishing 1996 ) integrates the Biblical narrative with ancient Greek accounts of the reign of Xerxes ( Ahasuerus ).

Though accounts vary, many ancient historians state Agrippina poisoned Claudius.

Although there are numerous ancient accounts of cities being sacked, few contain any clues to how this was achieved.

Writing most likely began as a consequence of political expansion in ancient cultures, which needed reliable means for transmitting information, maintaining financial accounts, keeping historical records, and similar activities.

Writing most likely began as a consequence of political expansion in ancient cultures, which needed reliable means for transmitting information, maintaining financial accounts, keeping historical records, and similar activities.

Because there are no accounts of the custom in Great Britain prior to the 17th century, some historians and folklorists have theorised that it was not an ancient British custom but was in fact imported into Britain from continental Europe in the early modern period, possibly from Flanders in Belgium, where the tradition thrived in this period.

Near Mount Yamanlar in İzmir ( ancient Smyrna ), where the Lake Karagöl ( Lake Tantalus ) associated with the accounts surrounding him is found, is a monument mentioned by Pausanias: the tholos " tomb of Tantalus " ( later Christianized as " Saint Charalambos ' tomb ") and another one in Mount Sipylus, and where a " throne of Pelops ", an altar or bench carved in rock and conjecturally associated with his son is found.

According to Swahili traders whose accounts were recorded by the Portuguese historian João de Barros, Great Zimbabwe was an ancient capital city built of stones of marvellous size without the use of mortar.

However ancient sources contain several accounts of techniques that foreshadow the concepts of forensic science that is developed centuries later, such as the " Eureka " legend told of Archimedes ( 287 – 212 BC ).

Although he is something of a hero in his native Scandinavia, reliable accounts of his life are very sketchy and heavily based on ancient Viking sagas.

Ussher's chronology represented a considerable feat of scholarship: it demanded great depth of learning in what was then known of ancient history, including the rise of the Persians, Greeks and Romans, as well as expertise in the Bible, biblical languages, astronomy, ancient calendars and chronology, Ussher's account of historical events for which he had multiple sources other than the Bible is usually in close agreement with modern accounts – for example, he placed the death of Alexander in 323 BC and that of Julius Caesar in 44 BC.

The custom of purifying or consecrating a destroyed city with salt and cursing anyone who dared to rebuild it was widespread in the ancient Near East, but historical accounts are unclear as to what the sowing of salt meant in that process.

Later accounts of other destructions of medieval Italian cities are now rejected as unhistorical: Padua by Attila ( 452 )-- perhaps in a parallel between Attila and the ancient Assyrians ; Milan by Frederick Barbarossa ( 1162 ); and Semifonte by the Florentines ( 1202 ).

In several ancient manuscripts this reference to Shamgar occurs after the accounts of Samson rather than immediately after the account of Ehud, in a way that is more narratively consistent ; scholars believe that this latter position is more likely to be the passage's original location.

Instead Newton studied the accounts of ancient writers like Pliny to obtain the approximate size and location of the memorial, then bought a plot of land in the most likely location.

The biography in this article is an amalgam of old and new approachesit is naive in its reliance on the odes as biographical sources and it even includes a few clearly fanciful elements from ancient accounts.

Bozdağ ( ancient Mount Tmolus ) is associated with the accounts surrounding Tmolus

The ancient sources disagree about whether the deities of Samothrace were Cabeiri or not ; and the accounts of the two cults differ in detail.

The later accounts of Prester John borrowed heavily from literary texts concerning the East, including the great body of ancient and medieval geographical and travel literature.