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# Absorption: oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide can diffuse into the epidermis in small amounts ; some animals use their skin as their sole respiration organ ( in humans, the cells comprising the outermost 0. 25 – 0. 40 mm of the skin are " almost exclusively supplied by external oxygen ", although the " contribution to total respiration is negligible ")
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# and Absorption
# Absorption: of nutrients from the digestive system to the circulatory and lymphatic capillaries through osmosis, active transport, and diffusion, and
# Absorption in mystic contemplation ( murā-ḳāba )
# Absorption of medicament into blood stream
# Redirect Absorption spectroscopy
# REDIRECT Absorption refrigerator
# REDIRECT Absorption ( electromagnetic radiation )
# REDIRECT Absorption refrigerator
# REDIRECT Absorption refrigerator
# REDIRECT Absorption refrigerator
# REDIRECT Absorption refrigerator
# REDIRECT Absorption spectroscopy
# REDIRECT Absorption refrigerator
# redirect Absorption
# and oxygen
# Low-spin Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > binds to singlet oxygen.
The second choice of the three logical possibilities above for diamagnetic oxyhemoglobin being found correct by experiment, is not surprising: singlet oxygen ( possibility # 1 ) and large separations of charge ( possibility # 3 ) are both unfavorably high-energy states.
# Archean: a period defined by the first crustal formations ( the Isua greenstone belt ) until the deposition of banded iron formations due to increasing atmospheric oxygen content.
* First breath: Earth's billion-year struggle for oxygen New Scientist, # 2746, 5 February 2010 by Nick Lane.
# Reduction means the oxidation number some part of the mineral is reduced which occurs when oxygen is scarce.
# reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, due to several factors such as a decrease in oxygen tension and hemoglobin concentration.
# REDIRECT liquid oxygen
# Aging: The " white crumb " aged through exposure to oxygen
* First breath: Earth's billion-year struggle for oxygen New Scientist, # 2746, 5 February 2010 by Nick Lane.
# REDIRECT biochemical oxygen demand
# REDIRECT allotropes of oxygen # Atomic oxygen
# The combustion process occurs as the volatile products and some of the char reacts with oxygen to primarily form carbon dioxide and small amounts of carbon monoxide, which provides heat for the subsequent gasification reactions.
# Inspired air is brought to body temperature, increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, improving O < sub > 2 </ sub > uptake.
# Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: 2NO < sub > x </ sub > → xO < sub > 2 </ sub > + N < sub > 2 </ sub >
# REDIRECT liquid oxygen
# Extraction of oxygen from water using a plastron or physical gill
# Storage of oxygen in hemoglobin molecules in hemolymph
# Taking oxygen from surface via breathing tubes ( siphons )
A leak was detected between the liquid oxygen dome and injector for the # 4 H-1 rocket engine ; while attempts were made to fix the problem, it was eventually decided to launch without replacing the engine.
# and nitrogen
# " True alkaloids ", which contain nitrogen in the heterocycle and originate from amino acids.
# " Protoalkaloids ", which contain nitrogen and also originate from amino acids.
# Biological fixation: some symbiotic bacteria ( most often associated with leguminous plants ) and some free-living bacteria are able to fix nitrogen as organic nitrogen.
# Industrial N-fixation: Under great pressure, at a temperature of 600 C, and with the use of an iron catalyst, hydrogen ( usually derived from natural gas or petroleum ) and atmospheric nitrogen can be combined to form ammonia ( NH < sub > 3 </ sub >) in the Haber-Bosch process which is used to make fertilizer and explosives.
# Combustion of fossil fuels: automobile engines and thermal power plants, which release various nitrogen oxides ( NO < sub > x </ sub >).
# Other processes: In addition, the formation of NO from N < sub > 2 </ sub > and O < sub > 2 </ sub > due to photons and especially lightning, can fix nitrogen.
# Bacterial ( E. coli ) DNA is grown in a media containing heavy nitrogen ( N15 ) through many cell divisions.
# Soil surface: cover crops to retain soil and lessen erosion, along with green manures to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil, especially nitrogen
# industrial production of nitrogen by the Haber Process uses hydrogen, which is currently derived from natural gas, ( but this hydrogen could instead be made by electrolysis of water using electricity ( perhaps from solar cells or windmills )) or
# genetically engineering ( non-legume ) crops to form nitrogen-fixing symbioses or fix nitrogen without microbial symbionts.
# REDIRECT nitrogen trichloride
# The resulting benzodiazepin-4-oxide undergoes acetylation by acetic anhydride at the secondary nitrogen atom, and is further hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid into 7-chloro-5 -( 2 ′- chlorophenyl )- 1, 2-dihydro-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-on-4-oxide.
# REDIRECT Isotopes of nitrogen # Nitrogen-14
# REDIRECT nitrogen oxide
# Ability to be stored and operated at relatively high temperatures, eliminating the need for liquid nitrogen cooling.
# REDIRECT Blood urea nitrogen
# REDIRECT Blood urea nitrogen
# REDIRECT Blood urea nitrogen
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# REDIRECT Blood urea nitrogen
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