Included with the eCos distribution is RedBoot, an open source application that uses the eCos Hardware Abstraction Layer to provide bootstrap firmware for embedded systems.

Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification of detail, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined ; thus speaking of things in the abstract demands that the listener have an intuitive or common experience with the speaker, if the speaker expects to be understood.

RedBoot ( an acronym for Red Hat Embedded Debug and Bootstrap firmware ) is an open source application that uses the eCos real-time operating system Hardware Abstraction Layer to provide bootstrap firmware for embedded systems.

Abstraction is a process by which higher concepts are derived from the usage and classification of literal (" real " or " concrete ") concepts, first principles, or other methods.

Abstraction is an ongoing process in mathematics and the historical development of many mathematical topics exhibits a progression from the concrete to the abstract.

* Abstraction layer, a way of hiding the implementation details of a particular set of functionality

Abstraction tries to reduce and factor out details so that the programmer can focus on a few concepts at a time.

Abstraction captures only those details about an object that are relevant to the current perspective.

In the light of the Service Abstraction principle, this type of architecture only documents the service contract and any published service-level agreement ( SLA ); internal details of each service are not included.

Among the dominant trends in the Post-Painterly Abstraction are Hard-Edged Painters such as Ellsworth Kelly and Frank Stella who explored relationships between tightly ruled shapes and edges, in Stella's case, between the shapes depicted on the surface and the literal shape of the support and Color-Field Painters such as Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis, who stained first Magna then water-based acrylic paints into unprimed canvas, exploring tactile and optical aspects of large, vivid fields of pure, open color.

Abstraction and Refinement are complementary c

Californian art from the 1950s through the 1970s is a particular strength, with artwork by Sam Francis, Richard Diebenkorn, Ronald Davis, Larry Bell, Edward Ruscha, Kenneth Price, Charles Arnoldi, and Ed Moses, Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction are represented by Ronald Davis, Sam Francis, Kenneth Noland, Ronnie Landfield, Frank Stella, Helen Frankenthaler, and Kenneth Showell.

Others are formed based only on the interests of students in a specific field, including Abstraction ( computer science ), the Calvin Student Nursing Association, Calvin Business Forum, Calvin Entrepreneurship Club, Econ Club, Organization of Student Social Workers, Pre-Dental Club, Pre-Medical Club, Pre-Veterinary Medicine Society, Society for the Promotion of Education ( SPEC ), SPQR: The Classics Club, and the Philosophy Symposium.

Nine other noteworthy topics that Godfrey wrote about in the Quodlibetal are Subject of metaphysics, Division of being, Analogy of being, Transcendentals, Essence and existence, Knowledge of God ’ s existence and essence, eternity of the world, Substance and accidents, and Abstraction

Commonly used terms to describe the three separate but related groups are Abstract expressionism, Post-Painterly Abstraction, and Lyrical Abstraction.

Abstraction is the thought process in which ideas are distanced from objects.

The modules are controlled by an internal language called the Direct Matrix Abstraction Program ( DMAP ).

In doing this, work analysis ( e. g., Vicente, 1999 ) and multi-level means ends representations of work domain constraints ( i. e., Rasmussen's Abstraction Hierarchy ) are the typical methods used to specify the ' deep structure ' of a work domain.

After the Second World War the term School of Paris often referred to Tachisme, Lyrical Abstraction, the European equivalent of American abstract expressionism and those artists are also related to Cobra.

* Abstraction is a luxury that has been left to the present day to exploit.

Abstraction is used to allow for vague answers to questions ( for example, answering " maybe " to a yes / no question ); this simplifies the problems making them amenable to automatic solutions.

* Instantaneous Decoding Refresh in H. 264 / MPEG-4 AVC video ; see Network Abstraction Layer

He became an enthusiastic advocate of this style and wrote many works according to its principles, among them Transformation ( 1957, for jazz ensemble ), Concertino ( 1959, for jazz quartet and orchestra ; one of its movements, Progression in Tempo, has sometimes been performed separately ), Abstraction ( 1959, for nine instruments ), the opera The Visitation ( 1966 ), and Variants on a Theme of Thelonious Monk ( 1960, for 13 instruments ), which was recorded by Ornette Coleman, Eric Dolphy, and Bill Evans.

Along with John Hoyland, Walter Darby Bannard, Larry Zox, Ronald Davis, Ronnie Landfield, John Seery, Pat Lipsky, Dan Christensen and several other young painters a new movement that related to Color Field painting began to form ; eventually called Lyrical Abstraction.

Artists like Helen Frankenthaler, Sam Francis, Richard Diebenkorn, Jules Olitski, and Kenneth Noland were of a slightly younger generation or in the case of Morris Louis esthetically aligned with that generations point of view ; that started out as Abstract Expressionists but quickly moved to Post-Painterly Abstraction.

During the later phases of Color Field painting ; as reflections of the zeitgeist of the late 1960s ( in which everything began to hang loose ) and the angst of the age ( with all of the uncertainties of the time ) merged with the gestalt of Post-Painterly Abstraction, producing Lyrical Abstraction which combined precision of the Color Field idiom with the malerische of the Abstract Expressionists.

* A Theory of Abstraction ( full text ; ISBN 1-57724-062-6 ) ( 2001 ) The Objectivist Center.

The most important influences on his thought were Bergson and, later, Wilhelm Worringer ( 1881 – 1965 ), German art historian and critic ; and in particular his Abstraktion und Einfühlung ( Abstraction and Empathy, 1908 ).

Abstraction had not yet gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s and, thus, was virtually unsalable.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

Greenberg saw Bush's post-Painters Eleven work as a clear manifestation of the shift from abstract expressionism to Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction, a shift he had called for in most of his critical writings of the period.

Post-Painterly Abstraction was a term given to a myriad of abstract art that reacted against gestural abstraction of second-generation Abstract Expressionists.

She was included in the 1964 Post-Painterly Abstraction exhibition curated by Clement Greenberg that introduced a newer generation of abstract painting that came to be known as Color Field.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalising it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

Bush became closely tied to the two movements that grew out of the efforts of the abstract expressionist s: Color Field Painting and Lyrical Abstraction.

With encouragement from Greenberg, Bush became closely tied to two movements that grew out of the efforts of the abstract expressionists: Color Field Painting and Lyrical Abstraction.

* Lyrical Abstraction exhibition debuts at the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum marking a significant return to expressivity in American abstract painting.

Hartung's freewheeling abstract paintings set influential precedents for many younger American painters of the sixties, making him an important forerunner of American Lyrical Abstraction of the 1960s and 1970s.

Abstraction requires selective use of this structural split of abilities in the psyche.

Abstraction also arises in the relation between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

* Izumi Nakajima, " Yayoi Kusama between Abstraction and Pathology ".

His most recent scholarly article is " Rand Versus Hayek on Abstraction ," in the Fall 2011 issue of Reason Papers -- a " descriptive and explanatory " account of the similarities and differences between Rand's and Friedrich Hayek's views on cognition and mind.

The kernel sits between the Hardware Abstraction Layer and the Executive to provide multiprocessor synchronization, thread and interrupt scheduling and dispatching, and trap handling and exception dispatching.