According to Popular Mechanics, " The common sponge was used in ancient Greece as a gas mask ..." An early type of rudimentary gas mask was invented in the 9th century by the Banu Musa brothers in Baghdad, Iraq.

According to Ibn Ishaq, he was stopped from doing so by two rabbis from the Banu Qurayza tribe, who implored the king to spare the oasis because it was the place " to which a prophet of the Quraysh would migrate in time to come, and it would be his home and resting-place.

According to tradition, the Umayyad family ( also known as the Banu Abd-Shams ) and Muhammad both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai and they are originally from the city of Mecca.

According to Ibn Hisham and al-Waqidi, 9th-century biographers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes immigrated to Adhri ' at following their expulsion from Medina.

According to Arabic history books, the Quraysh tribe was a branch of the Banu Kinanah tribe, which descended from the Mudhar.

According to Watt, the Banu Qurayza " seem to have tried to remain neutral " in the battle but later changed their attitude when a Jew from Khaybar persuaded them that Muhammad was sure to be overwhelmed and though they did not commit any act overtly hostile to Muhammad, according to Watt, they entered into negotiations with the invading army.

According to Donald Routledge Hill, the Banu Musa brothers were " masters in the exploitation of small variations " in hydrostatic pressures and in using conical valves as " in-line " components in flow systems, " the first known use of conical valves as automatic controllers.

According to Ibn Ishaq, Akhtab persuaded the Qurayza chief Ka ' b ibn Asad to help the Meccans conquer Medina.

According to Ibn Ishaq, Abu Lubaba felt pity for the women and children of the tribe who were crying and when asked whether the Qurayza should surrender to Muhammad, advised them to do so.

According to Watt, Peters and Stillman, the Qurayza surrendered to Muhammad's judgement-a move Watt classifies as unconditional.

According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy.

According to the 2nd-century AD author Aelian, Aeschylus's younger brother Ameinias helped acquit his brother by showing the jury the stump of the hand that he lost at Salamis, where he was voted bravest warrior.

According to the European Music Office's report on Music in Europe, this was the first of many pop acts that helped inspire a backlash and the creation of an underground hip hop scene.

According to Olga Ivinskaya, he repeatedly helped to dispose of German bombs which fell on it.

According to Dorril, Rostow helped to initiate a propaganda exercise in Britain, " aimed at neutralising the efforts of CND.

According to the Sumerians, Enlil helped create the humans, but then got tired of their noise and tried to kill them by sending a flood.

According to the story, the Spanish cooks of Louis XIII's bride, Anne, helped to prepare their wedding feast, and insisted upon improving the rich brown sauce of France with Spanish tomatoes.

' According to him, ' this reinforced the Israelis ' positive self-image and helped them " sell " the new state abroad and (...) demonized the enemy '.

According to Ethel Williams, who helped popularize the Texas Tommy in New York in 1913, the Texas Tommy " was like the Lindy ", and the basic steps were followed by a breakaway identical to that found in the Lindy.

According to Steven Zivanic, senior director and corporate communications of HDS, " this campaign has not only helped the firm in its own area, but it has given the data storage firm a broader audience.

According to Hayes, Microsoft and Blizzard helped themselves through their licenses because fan creations provide free publicity and are unlikely to harm sales.

According to investigative journalist Lucy Komisar, Mehmet Ali Ağca had worked with Abdullah Çatlı in the 1979 assassination, who " then reportedly helped organize Ağca's escape from an Istanbul military prison, and some have suggested Çatlı was even involved in the Pope's assassination attempt ".

According to Brown University, The New Age "... helped to shape modernism in literature and the arts from 1907 to 1922.

According to Joseph Anglade, a philologist and specialist of medieval literature who helped impose the then archaic term Occitan as the sole correct name, the word Lemosin was first used to designate the language at the beginning of the 13th century by Catalan troubadour Raimon Vidal de Besalú in his Razós de trobar

According to television historian William Boddy, " Paramount's checkered anti-trust history " helped convince the FCC that Paramount controlled DuMont.

According to Crone, a third aspect that helped make the violence humorous was that Punch ’ s violence toward his wife was prompted by her own violence toward him ( 1056 ).

According to Walter Mapes in De Nugis Curialium ( Trifles of Courtiers ), Pope Sylvester II ( 999 – 1003 ) was involved with a succubus named Meridiana, who helped him achieve his high rank in the Catholic Church.

According to the North Star, published by Frederick Douglass, whose attendance at the convention and support of the Declaration helped pass the resolutions put forward, the document was the " grand basis for attaining the civil, social, political, and religious rights of women.

According to an October 23, 2003 United Nations report, the smuggling and exportation of coltan has helped fuel the war in the Congo, a crisis that has resulted in approximately 5. 4 million deaths since 1998 – making it the world ’ s deadliest documented conflict since World War II.

According to Tom Jr .: This anecdote never made it into IBM lore, which is too bad, because it would have helped explain Father to the tens of thousands of people who had to follow his rules.

According to one account, Ion Antonescu was briefly a classmate of Wilhelm Filderman, the future Romanian Jewish community activist whose interventions with Conducător Antonescu helped save a number of his coreligionists.

According to Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates.

(...) The hope was that with Kosovo in flames NATO could intervene ..." According to Tim Judah, KLA representatives had already met with American, British, and Swiss intelligence agencies in 1996, and possibly " several years earlier " and according to The Sunday Times, " American intelligence agents have admitted they helped to train the Kosovo Liberation Army before NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia ".

According to Herodotus, Darius had a slave, Oebares who helped Darius win this contest.

According to Aykroyd, it was his first meeting with Belushi that helped spark their popular Blues Brothers act.

According to Article 91 of the constitution, the CDN is " the consultative body of the president of the republic in matters related to national sovereignty and the defense of the democratic state.

According to the document the military of the Republic of Bulgaria should include two mechanized brigades, four regiments ( Logistics, Artillery, Engineering, SpecOps ), four battalions ( Reconnaissance, Mechanized, NBC, PsyOps ) in the Land Forces ; Fighter base, helicopter base, SAM air defense brigade and Air force training base in the Air Force ; and two naval bases in the Navy.

According to an eight-state study, the insanity defense is used in less than 1 % of all court cases and, when used, has only a 26 % success rate.

" According to Carr, the " bastion " created by means of the Pact, " was and could only be, a line of defense against potential German attack.

According to law professor Douglas O. Linder, McVeigh wanted Jones to present a " necessity defense "— which would argue that he was in " imminent danger " from the government ( that his bombing was intended to prevent future crimes by the government, such as the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents ).

According to Buoniconti, the Dolphins ' priority on defense was to stop Larry Brown and force Kilmer to pass.

" According to David Halberstam's book, The Education of a Coach, Belichick was given a choice by the NFL to introduce either the offense or defense.

According to the EMP Commission Executive Report of 2004, " In general, it would not be an issue for critical infrastructure systems since they have existing protective measures for defense against occasional lightning strikes.

According to psychoanalytic theory, neuroses may be rooted in ego defense mechanisms, but the two concepts are not synonymous.

According to J. Michael Jaffe, author of Gender, Pseudonyms, and CMC: Masking Identities and Baring Souls, " the Internet was originally established to expedite communication between governmental scientists and defense experts, and was not at all intended to be the popular ' interpersonal mass medium ' it has become ", yet new and revolutionary devices enabling the mass public to communicate online are constantly being developed and released.

According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism.

According to the defense, the ruling recognizes that there is no empirical evidence that khat is harmful.

According to Peter Andreas, a border theorist, the creation of DHS constituted the most significant government reorganization since the Cold War, and the most substantial reorganization of federal agencies since the National Security Act of 1947, which placed the different military departments under a secretary of defense and created the National Security Council and Central Intelligence Agency.

According to the memoirs of Trần Văn Trà, the Viet Cong's top commander and PRG defense minister, he followed orders issued by the " Military Commission of the Party Central Committee " in Hanoi, which in turn implemented resolutions of the Politburo.

According to Josephus, Joab did not kill Abner out of revenge, because he had forgiven him for the death of his brother, Asahel, the reason being that Abner had slain Asahel honorably in combat after he had twice warned Asahel and had no other choice but to kill him out of self defense.

According to Enthoven and Smith, the basic ideas of PPBS were: " the attempt to put defense program issues into a broader context and to search for explicit measures of national need and adequacy "; " consideration of military needs and costs together "; " explicit consideration of alternatives at the top decision level "; " the active use of an analytical staff at the top policymaking levels "; " a plan combining both forces and costs which projected into the future the foreseeable implications of current decisions "; and " open and explicit analysis, that is, each analysis should be made available to all interested parties, so that they can examine the calculations, data, and assumptions and retrace the steps leading to the conclusions.

According to Cornelius Nepos, in his defense Epaminondas merely requested that, if he be executed, the inscription regarding the verdict read: Epaminondas was punished by the Thebans with death, because he obliged them to overthrow the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra, whom, before he was general, none of the Boeotians durst look upon in the field, and because he not only, by one battle, rescued Thebes from destruction, but also secured liberty for all Greece, and brought the power of both people to such a condition, that the Thebans attacked Sparta, and the Lacedaemonians were content if they could save their lives ; nor did he cease to prosecute the war, till, after settling Messene, he shut up Sparta with a close siege.

According to Asahara's defense team, a group of senior followers initiated the atrocities, keeping them a secret from Asahara.

According to legend, the Caliph had his tent surrounded with a bodyguard of slave-warriors who were chained together as a defense.

According to boxing historian Monte Cox, Young ought to have been declared winner based on " clean punching, defense and ring generalship " Some claimed that Young's performance should have earned him a rematch.

According to Herodotus, the Spartan general Pausanias led an allied Greek defense against Mardonius ' Persian forces.

According to the Revenge of the Sith Incredible Cross-sections by Dr. Curtis Saxton, and according to the film's visual dictionary, Itchy was involved in the Battle of Kashyyyk as a gunner aboard an Oevvaor jet catamaran in the defense of Kachirho during the Battle of Kashyyyk.

According to the Center for Responsive Politics, many of Koch Industries ' contributions have gone toward achieving legislation on energy issues, defense appropriations and financial regulatory reform.

According to Lance Hill, “ Thomas was eager to work with CORE, but he had reservations about the nonviolent terms imposed by the young activists .” Thomas, who had military training, quickly emerged as the leader of this budding defense organization that would guard the Jonesboro community in the day with their guns concealed and carried their guns openly during the cover of night to discourage any Klan activity.

According to the defense lawyers of the two pilots, Schmidt and Umbach were told by their superiors to use " go pills " ( amphetamines ) on their missions, and blamed the incident on the drugs.