According to Iranian author Nabipour I., in medieval Persia, Avicenna ( 980-1037 ) provided a detailed account on diabetes mellitus in The Canon of Medicine ( c. 1025 ), " describing the abnormal appetite and the collapse of sexual functions and he documented the sweet taste of diabetic urine.

According to Human Rights Watch, numerous Iranian agents were assisting the Shia Hezb-i Wahdat forces of Abdul Ali Mazari, as Iran was attempting to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence.

According to Human Rights Watch, numerous Iranian agents were assisting Hezb-i Wahdat, as " Iran was attempting to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence in the new government ".

According to Toufic Fahd, around the 9th century, Al-Dinawari, an Iranian Kurdish naturalist, wrote the Kitab al-Nabat ( Book of Plants ), in which he deals with the application of meteorology to agriculture during the Muslim Agricultural Revolution.

According to some Iranian mythological traditions, it was originally erected by Tahmuras Diveband, and afterward fell to ruin.

According to Encyclopaedia of Islam, although Kurdish is not a unified language, its many dialects are interrelated and at the same time distinguishable from other western Iranian languages.

According to Turkologists Peter Golden and András Róna-Tas, the term Turk is ultimately rooted in the East Iranian Saka language:

According to the Central Bank of Iran in 2012, in 22. 5 per cent of Iranian families, all family members were unemployed.

According to Professor J. Harmatta, it goes back to Old Iranian Duγda-maya " giving happiness ".

According to Professor J. Harmatta, it goes back to Old Iranian Sanda-Kuru " Splendid Son ".

According to Ferdinand Friedrich Carl Lehmann-Haupt, the language of the Cimmerians could have been a " missing link " between Thracian and Iranian.

According to Prof. Gherardo Gnoli :’’ Iranian tribes that also keep on recurring in the Yasht, Airyas, Tuiryas, Sairimas, Sainus and Dahis ’’.

According to Iranian nationalist poet Mohammad Taghi Bahar, the name Turan derives from the Avestan " Tau-Raodan ", which means " Further on the River ", where the " River " is to be considered Amu Darya.

According to some accounts, the version of the medieval Iranian calendar in which 2, 820 solar years together contain 1, 029, 983 days ( or 683 leap years, for an average year length of 365. 24219858156 days ) was based on the measurements of Khayyám and his colleagues.

According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr no other Iranian writer / scholar is viewed in such extremely differing ways.

According to Richard Frye, " The extent of influence of the Iranian epic is shown by the Turks who accepted it as their own ancient history as well as that of Iran ...

Note on spelling: According to the Iranian Chamber Society, the correct spelling of the city in both English and Persian is " Ray ," ( with an " a " vowel sound ) though variations in spelling also exist.

According to the one of Iran analyst's of International Crisis Group ( a NGO founded in 1995 by World Bank Vice-President and former US diplomats ), " Kurds, who live in the some of the least developed parts of Iran, pose the most serious internal problem for Iran to resolve, and given what they see next door — the newfound confidence of Iraqi Kurds — there's concern Iranian Kurds will agitate for greater autonomy.

According to Vladimir Minorsky: " The presence of Iranian settlers in Transcaucasia, and especially in the proximity of the passes, must have played an important role in absorbing and pushing back the aboriginal inhabitants.

According to Robert H. Hewsen, these tribes were " certainly not of Armenian origin ", and " although certain Iranian peoples must have settled here during the long period of Persian and Median rule, most of the natives were not even Indo-Europeans.

According to Dr. Donald N. Wilber, who was involved in the plot to remove Mossadegh from power, in early August, Iranian CIA operatives pretending to be socialists and nationalists threatened Muslim leaders with " savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh ," thereby giving the impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent, and stirring anti-Mossadegh sentiments within the religious community.

According to a book entitled The Religion of the Iranian Peoples, " No one who has studied the Zoroastrian doctrine of the Saoshyants or the coming saviour-prophets can fail to see their resemblance to the future Maitreya.

According to the Iranian constitution, when the President dies or is impeached, a special provisional Presidential Council temporarily rules in his place until an election can be held.

According to author / journalist Mark Bowden, a pattern developed in President Carter's attempts to negotiate a release of the hostages: Carter would latch on to a deal proffered by a top Iranian official and grant minor but humiliating concessions, only to have it scotched at the last minute by Khomeini.

According to archaeologists Patricia Crown and Steadman Upham, the appearance of the bright colors on Salada Polychromes in the 14th century may reflect religious or political alliances on a regional level.

According to encyclopaedia Iranica, AFGHAN ( afḡān ) in current political usage means any citizen of Afghanistan, whatever their ethnic, tribal, or religious affiliation is.

According to this view, it is not considered to be read as a prophecy of western political history or of an eschatological future.

According to Scott Gordon, a political organization is constitutional to the extent that it " contain institutionalized mechanisms of power control for the protection of the interests and liberties of the citizenry, including those that may be in the minority.

" According to West and Sanders, when talking about conspiracies in the Vietnam era, Pipes includes within the fringe element anyone who entertains the thought that conspiracies played a role in the major political scandals and assassinations that rocked American politics in the Vietnam era.

According to Mintz, conspiracism denotes " belief in the primacy of conspiracies in the unfolding of history ":" Conspiracism serves the needs of diverse political and social groups in America and elsewhere.

According to Moyra Grant, in political philosophy " collectivism " refers to any philosophy or system that puts any kind of group ( such as a class, nation, race, society, state, etc.

According to this formulation, the state exists for the benefit of citizens and has an obligation to respect and protect the rights of citizens, including civil rights and political rights.

According to political scientist Arthur Stinchcombe, citizenship is based on the extent that a person can control one's own destiny within the group in the sense of being able to influence the government of the group.

According to Josephus, Chaerea had political motivations for the assassination.

According to Sun Yat-sen's plans, the Kuomintang ( KMT ) was to rebuild China in three steps: military rule, political tutelage, and constitutional rule.

According to historian of Communism Archie Brown, the memory of the Cultural Revolution, where a form of mass political mobilization turned against the Party and resulted in chaotic destruction, may account for the reticence of educated Chinese to press for an end to one-party rule.

According to party rules, the Central Committee was to convene at least twice a year to discuss political matters ( but not matters relating to military policy ).

According to Christadelphians, these terms are used in reference to specific political systems or individuals in opposition or conflict.

According to the Egyptian Constitution, political parties are allowed to exist.

According to the US Department of State 2009 human rights report there are hundreds of political prisoners in Ethiopia.

According to its 1994 constituent declaration, the group is opposed to the present European political structure, but committed to integration.

According to a controversial essay titled " The Death of Environmentalism " ( Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus, 2004 ) American environmentalism has been remarkably successful in protecting the air, water, and large stretches of wilderness in North America and Europe, but these environmentalists have stagnated as a vital force for cultural and political change.

According to political philosopher Nikolas Kompridis, the pursuit of freedom in the modern era can be broadly divided into two motivating ideals: freedom as autonomy, or independence ; and freedom as the ability to cooperatively initiate a new beginning.

According to her study, the concept of freedom was historically inseparable from political action.

According to many art researchers, particularly in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles, that type of public art is, in fact an effective tool of social emancipation or in the achievement of a political goal.

According to Oswald Spengler, the characteristic mistake of the Gracchan age was to believe in the possibility of the reversibility of history – a form of idealism which according to Spengler was at that time shared by both sides of political spectrum – Cato had sought to turn back the clock to the time of Cincinnatus, and restore virtue by returning to austerity.

According to literary critic Terry Eagleton, Le Fanu, together with his predecessor Maturin and his successor Stoker, form a sub-genre of Irish Gothic, whose stories, featuring castles set in a barren landscape, with a cast of remote aristocrats dominating an atavistic peasantry, represent in allegorical form the political plight of colonial Ireland subjected to the Protestant Ascendancy

According to Gay Lib writer Toby Marotta, " their Gay political outlooks were not homophile but liberationist ".

According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration ( 1984 ) and the Basic Law, Hong Kong will retain its political, economic, and judicial systems and unique way of life and continue to participate in international agreements and organisations as a dependent territory for at least 50 years after retrocession.