According to Kant, beauty is objective and universal ; thus certain things are beautiful to everyone.

According to Kant, there are 12 categories that constitute the understanding of phenomenal objects.

According to Kant, knowledge about space is synthetic, in that statements about space are not simply true by virtue of the meaning of the words in the statement.

According to Kant, in a free society each individual must be able to pursue their goals however they see fit, so long as their actions conform to principles given by reason.

According to Kant, objects of which we are sensibly cognizant are merely representations of unknown somethings — what Kant refers to as the transcendental object — as interpreted through the a priori or categories of the understanding.

According to Kant, man has the imperfect duty to strengthen the feeling of compassion, since this feeling promotes morality in relation to other human beings.

According to Kant humans can never know noumena ; all that humans know is the phenomena.

According to Kant, space and time, which are the a priori forms and preconditions of all sensory experience, " refer to objects only to the extent that these are considered as phenomena, but do not represent the things in themselves ".

According to Kant, only practical reason, the faculty of moral consciousness, the moral law of which everyone is immediately aware, makes it possible to know things as they are.

According to Martin Heidegger, transcendental imagination is what Kant also refers to as the unknown common root uniting sense and understanding, the two component parts of experience.

According to Kant, the transcendental ego — the " Transcendental Unity of Apperception " — is similarly unknowable.

According to Brunner, the authentic philosophy presented by Spinoza has its antithesis in scholasticism which reaches its highest expression in Immanuel Kant.

According to Lawrence, however, Heidegger, and in a lesser way Gadamer, remained under the influence of Kant when they refused to take seriously the possibility of grace and redemption.

According to editor Karl Ameriks, "... Fichte, Hegel, Schelling, Schiller, Hölderlin, Novalis, and Friedrich Schlegel all developed their thought in reaction to Reinhold's reading of Kant ...." There is a Faustian tendency in Reinhold's assertion that a person can hope for a future reward only because that person is constantly striving to be good.

According to moral cognitivists ( e. g. Kant, Rawls etc.

According to Kant, Burke merely gathered data so that some future thinker could explain them.

According to Peter Gay, building on Ernst Cassirer's much earlier study of the intellectual progenitors of Kant, the Enlightenment was the creation of a small group of thinkers, his family of philosophes or ‘ party of humanity ’, whose coherent anti-Christian, ameliorist, and individualistic programme of reform developed from very specific cultural roots.

According to Viktor Frankl, the author of Man's Search for Meaning, when a person is faced with extreme mortal dangers, the most basic of all human wishes is to find a meaning of life to combat the " trauma of nonbeing " as death is near.

According to Maimonides, an afterlife continues for the soul of every human being, a soul now separated from the body in which it was " housed " during its earthly existence.

According to the theory, the human experience of moral obligations was the result of evolutionary pressures, which attached a sense of morality to human psychology because it was useful for moral development ; this entail that moral values do not exist independently of the human mind.

According to Islam, human works of art are inherently flawed compared to the work of God ; thus, it is believed by many that attempting to realistically depict the form of an animal or person is insolence to God.

According to these statements, claims that one or more denominations might be the " true Church " are nothing more than propaganda which has evolved over centuries to support authoritarian claims --- based on tradition or based on scripture --- of merely human institutions.

According to Marschall, Li ' l Abner gradually evolved into a broad satire of human nature.

According to the Bahá ' í teachings the human purpose is to learn to know and love God through such methods as prayer, reflection, and being of service to humankind.

According to a 2003 study undertaken by the International Diabetes Federation ( IDF ) on the access to and availability of insulin in its member countries, synthetic ' human ' insulin is considerably more expensive in most countries where both synthetic ' human ' and animal insulin are commercially available: e. g. within European countries the average price of synthetic ' human ' insulin was twice as high as the price of pork insulin.

According to moral values, human behavior may also depend upon the common, usual, unusual, acceptable or unacceptable behavior of others.

According to this research, genetic markers commonly found in modern humans worldwide suggest that today many people carry a gene that evolved as protection against the brain diseases that can be spread by consuming human brain tissue.

" According to Dhanis ' medical officer, Captain Hinde, their town of Ngandu had " at least 2, 000 polished human skulls " as a " solid white pavement in front " of its gates, with human skulls crowning every post of the stockade.

According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Mohist consequentialism, dating back to the 5th century BCE, is the " world's earliest form of consequentialism, a remarkably sophisticated version based on a plurality of intrinsic goods taken as constitutive of human welfare.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the translation of the French term into " human creature " implies that the label " Christian " is a reminder of the humanity of the afflicted, in contrast to brute beasts.

According to Hailsham, a former chairman of the British Conservative Party, " Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society, and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself.

According to E. K. Hunt, classical liberals made four assumptions about human nature: People were " egoistic, coldly calculating, essentially inert and atomistic ".

According to Anthony Quinton, classical liberals believe that " an unfettered market " is the most efficient mechanism to satisfy human needs and channel resources to their most productive uses: they " are more suspicious than conservatives of all but the most minimal government.

According to some of their contemporary enemies Cathars did not accept the Trinitarian understanding of Jesus, but considered him the human form of an angel similar to Docetic Christology.

According to Tibor R. Machan, " Without a market in which allocations can be made in obedience to the law of supply and demand, it is difficult or impossible to funnel resources with respect to actual human preferences and goals.

According to Jordania, this trance-inducing ability of dance comes from human evolutionary past and includes as well a phenomenon of military drill which is also based on shared rhythmic and monotonous group activity.

According to Rand, voluntary trade alone can assure that human interaction is mutually beneficial.

According to the anthropologist Tim Ingold, animism shares similarities to totemism but differs in its focus on individual spirit beings which help to perpetuate life, whereas totemism more typically holds that there is a primary source, such as the land itself or the ancestors, who provide the basis to life.

According to the Kun-bzang bla-ma ' i zhal-lung, a bodhisattva can choose any of three paths to help sentient beings in the process of achieving buddhahood.

According to his theses, immaterial unmoved movers are eternal unchangeable beings that constantly think about thinking, but being immaterial, they're incapable of interacting with the cosmos and have no knowledge of what transpires therein.

According to this viewpoint, citizens are sovereign, morally autonomous beings with duties to pay taxes, obey the law, engage in business transactions, and defend the nation if it comes under attack, but are essentially passive politically, and their primary focus is on economic betterment.

According to the New American Bible, a Catholic Bible translation produced by the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, the story of the Nephilim in Genesis 6: 1-4 " is apparently a fragment of an old legend that had borrowed much from ancient mythology ", and the " sons of God " mentioned in that passage are " celestial beings of mythology ".

According to the LDS church, Christ's unwavering ability to obey truth, perceive light, and act in perfect love and faith, distinguishes his pre-mortal existence from the pre-mortal existence of the other spirit beings who were in the presence of the " Eternal Father ".

According to the various Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, beings that live in accordance with dharma proceed more quickly toward dharma yukam, moksha or nirvana ( personal liberation ).

According to one variant of the Valentinian system, the Demiurge is besides the maker, out of the appropriate substance, of an order of spiritual beings, the devil, the prince of this world, and his angels.

According to this theory, living beings were classified on an ideal pyramid that represented the simplest animals on the lower levels, with complexity increasing progressively toward the top, occupied by human beings.

According to the Valentinian Gnostics, there are three classes of human beings.

According to Agassiz the conditions in which particular creatures live “ are the conditions necessary to their maintenance, and what among organized beings is essential to their temporal existence must be at least one of the conditions under which they were created ”.

According to Indian religions these sankhara are the cause for the material incarnation of sentient beings.

" According to Rand, therefore, possessing free will, human beings must choose their values: one does not automatically hold one's own life as his ultimate value.

According to some religions ( including the Abrahamic religions in most of their forms ), souls — or at least immortal souls capable of union with the divine — belong only to human beings.

According to the Theosophical teachings, the Mahatmas are not disembodied beings, but highly evolved people involved in overseeing the spiritual growth of individuals and the development of civilizations.

According to a view that has featured prominently in Western theology since early in the 2nd millennium, God's justice required an atonement for sin from humanity if human beings were to be restored to their place in creation and saved from damnation.

According to Celtic belief wisdom increases with age and dark skinned supernatural beings are often powerful.

According to the Bhagavad Gita ( 16. 6 ), all beings in the universe assume either the divine qualities ( Daivi Sampad ) or the material qualities ( Asuri Sampad ).

According to Hindu mythology, the Angiris ( or Angiras ) are a group of celestial beings who are descendants of the Fire God, Agni and responsible for watching over humans performing Yagna ( sacrifices ) and protecting the sacrificial fires

According to Tripitaka Master Shramana Hsuan Hua of the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas, All of these beings are invoked ( hooked and summoned ) and exhorted to behave ( subdued ) and protect the Dharma and its practitioners in the Shurangama Mantra

According to Buddhism, sentient beings made of pure consciousness are possible.

According to Avicenna, the universe consists of a chain of actual beings, each giving existence to the one below it and responsible for the existence of the rest of the chain below.

According to others, the potential of salvation depends on the ontological reality of a salvific, abiding core reality — the Buddha-nature, empty of all mutability and error, fully present within all beings.