According to historian of Communism Archie Brown, the memory of the Cultural Revolution, where a form of mass political mobilization turned against the Party and resulted in chaotic destruction, may account for the reticence of educated Chinese to press for an end to one-party rule.

According to Kołakowski, neither Sartre's view that freedom must be safeguarded in revolutionary organization nor his view that there will be perfect freedom when Communism has abolished shortages is new in a Marxist context, and Sartre fails to explain how either could have been brought about.

According to Richard Clogg " this was dictated by Comintern and hurt the popularity of Communism at the time ".

According to former OSS officer William Langer ( Our Vichy Gamble, Alfred A Knopf, New York, 1947 ), there were French industrial and banking interests who " even before the war, had turned to Nazi Germany and had looked to Hitler as the savior of Europe from Communism.

According to Maulana “ Those who are preaching this want to finish all the differences of religion and culture and then run that country using the mixture of Hinduism and Communism ”.

According to historian of American Communism Harvey Klehr, De Lacy was a secret member of the Communist Party USA at the time of his 1937 election.

According to John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, writing in their book, In Denial: Historians, Communism & Espionage, the historiography of Soviet and Communist studies is characterized by a split between " traditionalists " and " revisionists ".

According to the Spanish daily El País, files released by the US National Archives and Records Administration show that, following the left-wing Carnation Revolution coup in Portugal on 25 April 1974, Arias met with the United States Deputy Secretary of State Robert S. Ingersoll in March 1975 and offered to invade Portugal in order to stop the spread of Communism.

According to The Black Book of Communism, in the pacification of Ukraine that began during the Soviet counteroffensive in 1920 and which would not end until 1922 the Soviets would take tens of thousands of Ukrainian lives.

According to the most recent accounts included also in The Black Book of Communism ( Harvard University Press, 1999 ), 12, 578 people were put to death from 29 August to 5 September 1924.

According to the band, if British working class people united, they would succeed in a fight against both the Margaret Thatcher government and totalitarian ideologies like Communism and Nazism ( as described in the song, " Commies and Nazis ").

According to Ownby, the Commentaries are a condemnation of Communism and direct indictment on the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party in ruling China.

According to Nolte in a March 28, 2003 interview with a French newspaper Eurozine, his first encounter with Communism occurred when he was 7 years old in 1930, when he read in a doctor's office a German translation of a Soviet children's book attacking the Catholic Church, which angered him.

According to the Central Bank of Armenia, during the first half of 2008, cash remittances sent back to Armenia by Armenians working abroad rose by 57. 5 percent and totaled $ 668. 6 million USD, equivalent to 15 percent of the country's first-half Gross Domestic Product.

According to the Central Bank of Armenia, in 2005, cash remittances from Armenians working abroad reached a record-high level of $ 1 billion, which is worth more than one fifth of the country ’ s 2005 Gross Domestic Product.

According to the head of the Armenian Central Bank ’ s ( CBA ) department for financial system policies and analyses ( Vahe Vardanyan ) Armenian banks have no large asset concentrations in foreign markets, particularly in capital markets.

According to Stephen Frederic Dale, the name Babur is derived from the Persian word babr, meaning " tiger ", a word that repeatedly appears in Firdawsī's Shāhnāma and had also been borrowed by the Turkic languages of Central Asia.

According to the majority of sources ( see section Current views on Central Europe for some ) the region includes:

According to it, Central Asia includes Mongolia, Tibet, northeast Iran ( Golestan, North Khorasan and Razavi provinces ), Afghanistan, Northern Areas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( also called N. W. F. P.

According to Party rules, the Central Committee directed all Party and government activities between each Party Congress.

According to party rules, the Central Committee was to convene at least twice a year to discuss political matters ( but not matters relating to military policy ).

According to Robert Vincent Daniels the Central Committee was rather an assembly of representatives than an assembly of individuals.

According to John Koch, Cunliffe, Karl, Wodtko and other scholars, Celtic culture may have developed first in far Southern Portugal and Southwestern Spain, approximately 500 years prior to anything recorded in Central Europe.

According to Agassiz the provinces that the different races were created in included Western American Temperate ( the indigenous peoples west of the Rockies ); Eastern American Temperate ( east of the Rockies ); Tropical Asiatic ( south of the Himalayas ); Temperate Asiatic ( east of the Urals and north of the Himalayas ); South American Temperate ( South America ); New Holland ( Australia ); Arctic ( Alaska and Arctic Canada ); Cape of Good Hope ( South Africa ); and American Tropical ( Central America and the West Indies ).

According to the latter usage, in 1978 the CPC Central Committee denounced as " ultra-left " the line of Mao Zedong from 1956 until his death in 1976.

According to the Toba catastrophe theory, it had global consequences, killing most humans then alive and creating a population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.

According to the WWF, the territory of Moldova can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Central European mixed forests, the East European forest steppe ( the most territory of the country ), and Pontic steppe ( in the south and southeast ).

According to the official estimates of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Netherlands Antilles, the five islands had a combined population of 199, 929 as at 1 January 2009.

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 75. 7 % of Israel's population is Jewish.

According to the Central Statistical Office of Poland, In 2010 the Polish economic growth rate was 3. 9 %, which was one of the best results in Europe.

According to a recent report by the European Commission, Slovakia ( along with some other Central and Eastern European economies ) is low down on the list of EU states in the area of innovation ( Slovakia ranks 22nd ).

According to the CIA and the Central Bank of Somalia, despite experiencing civil unrest, Somalia has maintained a healthy informal economy, based mainly on livestock, remittance / money transfer companies and telecommunications.

According to the Central Bank of Somalia, about 80 % of the population are nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralists, who keep goats, sheep, camels and cattle.

According to the Central Bank of Somalia, imports of goods total about $ 460 million per year, and have recovered and even surpassed aggregate imports prior to the start of the civil war in 1991.

According to the Central Bank of Somalia, as the nation embarks on the path of reconstruction, the economy is expected to not only match its pre-civil war levels, but also to accelerate in growth and development due to the Somalia's untapped natural resources.

According to its charter, the position of head of state of the Central Tibetan Administration belongs ex officio to the current Dalai Lama, a religious hierarch.

According to a separate U. S. Central Intelligence Agency study, “ the effect of an FAE explosion within confined spaces is immense.

According to Central Bank of Venezuela, the government received from 1998 to 2008 around 325 billion USD through oil production and export, and according to the International Energy Agency, to June 2010 has production of 2. 2 million of barrels per day, 800, 000 of which go to the United States of America.

According to official data, in 2007, a record-high 500, 000 tourists visited Armenia — most of them ethnic Armenians from Europe, Russia and the United States.

According to research commissioned by the Yerevan office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE ), at least one in three working-age Armenians was unemployed as of February 2005 despite several consecutive years of double-digit economic growth.

According to Plato, Atlantis was a naval power lying " in front of the Pillars of Hercules " that conquered many parts of Western Europe and Africa 9, 000 years before the time of Solon, or approximately 9600 BC.

According to the European Music Office's report on Music in Europe, this was the first of many pop acts that helped inspire a backlash and the creation of an underground hip hop scene.

According to Haviland, social systems identical to caste system elsewhere in the world, are not new in Europe.

According to Gella, kingdoms in this region of Europe were in constant threat of invasion.

According to a controversial essay titled " The Death of Environmentalism " ( Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus, 2004 ) American environmentalism has been remarkably successful in protecting the air, water, and large stretches of wilderness in North America and Europe, but these environmentalists have stagnated as a vital force for cultural and political change.

According to some, due to a misunderstanding arising from differences in pronunciation between French and English, the commonly used brass embouchure in Europe was interpreted incorrectly.

According to BBC History: " There have been 53 major wars in Europe, France had been a belligerent in 49 of them ; UK 43.

According to the WHO, it is practiced in 28 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America, Australasia.

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, it was politically, economically, and culturally one of the most important cities in Europe and the world from the 14th century to the 16th century.

According to the GÉANT website its core objective is to deliver real value and benefit to society by enabling research communities across Europe, and the world, to transform the way they collaborate on ground-breaking research.

According to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the CIA World Factbook, in 2011 Italy was the eighth-largest economy in the world, the fourth-largest in Europe and the third-largest in the Eurozone in terms of nominal GDP, and the tenth-largest economy in the world and fifth-largest in Europe in terms of purchasing power parity ( PPP ) GDP.

According to the Harvard University Library, " By the late 19th century, 70 to 90 % of the urban populations of Europe and North America were infected with the TB bacillus, and about 80 % of those individuals who developed active tuberculosis died of it.

According to the all-time ranking published in 2009 by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics, an organization recognised by FIFA, based on clubs ' performance in international competitions, Juventus were Italy's best club and second in Europe of the 20th century.

According to the IOM data, in 2000 – 2004, Kosovo was consistently ranked fourth or fifth among the countries of Southeastern Europe by number of human trafficking victims, after Albania, Moldova, Romania and sometimes Bulgaria.

According to some geographers, the geographical midpoint of Europe is just north of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius.

According to experts, multinational companies are attracted by Morocco's geographical and cultural proximity to Europe, in addition to its time zone.

According to the OECD ( www. oecd. org ) report, in 2004 Poles were one of the hardest working nations in Europe.

According to one old guide book, it was never a proper platz, but a five-cornered traffic knot on that old trading route across Europe.

According to traditional accounts, the scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance era and continued through the late 18th century, the later period known as The Enlightenment.