" According to Anders Hansson, by the Ming and Qing dynasties, " upward mobility into the elite was theoretically possible for virtually all male commoners.

According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five.

According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang.

According to records from Japanese documents, Mao Changxi ( 毛昶熙 ) and Dong Xun ( 董恂 ), the Qing ministers at Zongli Yamen ( 總理衙門 ) who handled the complaints from Japanese envoy Yanagihara Sakimitsu ( 柳原前光 ) replied first that they had heard only of a massacre of Ryūkyūans, not of Japanese, and quickly noted that Ryūkyū was under Chinese suzerainty, therefore this issue was not Japan's business.

According to History of the Ming, her family name is Zhu, while the History of the Qing say it is Wei ( 魏 ).

According to Wei Yuan's work Military history of the Qing Dynasty (), the Later Jin sent 400 troops to Sakhalin in 1616, after a newfound interest because of northern Japanese contacts with the area, but later withdrew as it was considered there was no threat from the island.

According to Du Xiuxian, her photographer, Jiang Qing remarked that she knew people within the Central Committee were plotting against her.

According to Zhang Yaoci, who carried out the arrest, Jiang Qing did not say much when she was arrested.

According to George Yeo, the Foreign Minister of Singapore, in those days the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag was sewn in the Sun Yat Sen Villa or Wan Qing Yuan in Singapore by Teo Eng Hock and his wife.

According to Qing scholar Wei Yuan, 40 % of the 600, 000 Zunghar people were killed by smallpox, 20 % fled to Russia or Kazakh tribes, and 30 % were killed by the army, in what Clarke described as " the complete destruction of not only the Zunghar state but of the Zunghars as a people.

According to a just-so story, this gesture recreates a tale of Imperial obeisance and can be traced to the Qianlong Emperor, a Qing Dynasty emperor who used to travel incognito.

According to notes by the Qing Dynasty painter Luo Ping: " Yellow Emperor ordered his men to have Chi You beheaded ... seeing that Chi You's head was separated from his body, later sages had his image engraved on sacrificial vessels as a warning to those that would covet power and wealth.

According to official histories from the Qing era, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchen tribes in northeast China and founder of what became the Chinese imperial Qing Dynasty, renamed his tribe after Mañjuśrī.

According to statements by Qing imperial official Li Hongzhang in a meeting with Ulysses S. Grant, China had a special relationship with the island and the Ryūkyū had paid tribute to China for hundreds of years, and the Chinese reserved certain trade rights for them in an amicable and beneficial relationship.

According to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, the Sino-Russian border was the Stanovoy Mountains and the Argun River, establishing Outer Manchuria as a part of Qing Dynasty China.

According to an article of Telegraph newspaper on November 9, 2010, Dai Qing confirmed that she will attend the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony in December on behalf of Liu Xiaobo, who is currently serving an eleven-year prison sentence since 2009 for " inciting subversion ".

According to George Yeo, the Foreign Minister of Singapore, in those days the 青天白日滿地紅 flag was sewn in the Sun Yat Sen Villa or Wan Qing Yuan ( 晚晴园 ) in Singapore by Teo Eng Hock and his wife.

According to Giuseppe Tucci, by the time of the Qing Dynasty, " a new Tibetan art was then developed, which in a certain sense was a provincial echo of the Chinese 18th century's smooth ornate preciosity.

According to folk stories, stinky tofu was invented by a person named Wong Zi Wo ( 王致和 ) in the Qing dynasty.

According to Giuseppe Tucci, by the time of the Qing Dynasty, " a new Tibetan art was then developed, which in a certain sense was a provincial echo of the Chinese 18th century's smooth ornate preciosity.

According to Puyi, Wenxiu demonstrated great courage and willpower during the proceedings, as her wish was greatly disapproved of Following the divorce, Puyi, urged by former Qing officials, stripped Wenxiu of her imperial titles.

According to the treaty, it ended Joseon's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty and opened three ports to Japanese trade.

According to historical materials, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong years, Xiao had huge wave of millions people moved to Sichuan.

According to the official interpretation of the Charter, a member cannot be penalized by not having the right to vote in the General Assembly for nonpayment of financial obligations to the `` special '' United Nations' budgets, and of course cannot be expelled from the Organization ( which you suggested in your editorial ), due to the fact that there is no provision in the Charter for expulsion.

According to official figures, Armenia ’ s economy grew by 13. 8 percent in 2007.

According to a World Bank official, 30 percent of Armenia's economy in 2009 came from the construction sector.

According to official data, in 2007, a record-high 500, 000 tourists visited Armenia — most of them ethnic Armenians from Europe, Russia and the United States.

According to official Armenian statistics, it rose by 11 percent to $ 91. 6 million in January – November 2010.

According to a World Bank official, a country that has around 12 percent rate of growth or even lower, at the range of 7 to 8 percent, can afford a level of public debt of up to 50 percent.

According to Alexei Nakamura, as of 2012, there are only 205 Ainu living in Russia ( up from just 12 people who self-identified as Ainu in 2008 ) and they along with the Kurile Kamchadals ( Itelmen of Kuril islands ) are fighting for official recognition.

According to Thucydides, the official aim of the League was to " avenge the wrongs they suffered by ravaging the territory of the king.

According to Bruce L. Olsen, director of public affairs for the church, " The logo re-emphasizes the official name of the church and the central position of the Savior in its theology.

According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of was recorded on June 1, 1934, and July 11, 1936, both at Midway Airport.

According to social mores and the prevailing law, marriages, entrance into religious life and migration from one ’ s place of birth to another land required official permission from upper strata ( the lord and the council commissioner ).

According to official figures, although the territory was at the time inhabited by 58, 240 Somali and 48, 270 Afar, only 14, 689 Somali were allowed to register to vote versus 22, 004 Afar.

According to one American report, Mubarak views Iran as the primary long-term challenge facing Egypt, and an Egyptian official said that Iran is running agents inside Egypt in an effort to subvert the Egyptian regime.

According to official reports, the ship was carrying approximately of oil, of which about were spilled into the Prince William Sound.

According to the official 2011 census, which used sophisticated methodology, the population of Greece was 10, 787, 690.

According to Lobo, the organisation was expected to adopt a co-ordinated position on the issue, but El Salvador, the nation presiding over the summit, refused to include the matter on the official agenda, insisting that discussion should retain a regional focus.

According to his son ( Johnny Jr ), Johnny ( senior ) was named Peter by his parents ; but, once he began to be successful as a swimmer, he formally used his brother's name, Johnny, because his brother John was, by birth, an American citizen ( and had official records that verified this fact ), and Peter was not ( this was done so that non-citizen Peter could represent USA in the Olympics ).

According to official records, 165 villages and towns were destroyed near Krakatoa, and 132 were seriously damaged.

According to Burton Stein's History of India, " Kashmir was neither as large nor as old an independent state as Hyderabad ; it had been created rather off-handedly by the British after the first defeat of the Sikhs in 1846, as a reward to a former official who had sided with the British.

According to the official 1955 testimony of his NKVD bodyguards, colonels R. S.

According to official reports, he died in Lindheim, Germany in 1895.

According to Russian sources, the official decision to launch Sputnik 2 was made on October 10 or 12, leaving the team only four weeks to design and build the spacecraft.

According to the official Albanian census of 1989, 4, 697 ethnic Macedonians reside in Albania.

According to the official Bulgarian sources, in the period between 2000 to 2006 some 30 000 Macedonian citizens applied for Bulgarian citizenship, attracted by the Bulgaria's recent positive development and the opportunity to get European Union passports after Bulgaria joined EU on the beginning of 2007.

According to MPT's official statistics as of July 2010, the country had over 400, 000 Internet users ( 0. 8 % of the population ) with the vast majority of the users located in the two largest cities, Yangon and Mandalay.