According to Human Rights Watch, numerous Iranian agents were assisting the Shia Hezb-i Wahdat forces of Abdul Ali Mazari, as Iran was attempting to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence.

According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religion in the Safavid Empire in 1501.

According to Ellenblum's interpretation the inhabitants of the Kingdom ( Latin Christians living alongside native Greek and Syrian Christians, Shia and Sunni Arabs, Sufis, Bedouin, Turks, Druze, Jews, and Samaritans ) all had major differences between each other as well as with the crusaders.

According to Imad ad-Din, Nur ad-Din wrote to Saladin in June 1171, telling him to reestablish the Abbasid caliphate in Egypt, which Saladin coordinated two months later after additional encouragement by Najm ad-Din al-Khabushani, the Shafi ' i faqih, who vehemently opposed Shia rule in the country.

According to Human Rights Watch, Iran assisted the Shia Hazara Hezb-i Wahdat forces of Abdul Ali Mazari, as Iran attempted to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence.

According to historian Juan Cole it was under Sunni rule that Twelver Shiaism became established in Bahrain, as Shia Bahrainis gradually moved away from the radical, egalitarian Ismaili Qarmatian sect to the more quietist Twelver or Imami branch, a process which the Sunni rulers encouraged.

According to Heritage Online, nearly 65 % of the total seminaries ( Madrasah ) in Pakistan are run by Deobandis, 25 % by the Barelvis, 6 % by the Ahle Hadith and 3 % by various Shia organizations.

According to Shia theologians, the attributes and names of God have no independent and hypostatic existence apart from the being and essence of God.

According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religion in the Safavid Empire in 1501.

According to scholar Vali Nasr, political tendencies of Sunni and Shia Islamic revival differ, with Sunni fundamentalism " in Pakistan and much of the Arab world " being " far from politically revolutionary ", while Shia fundamentalism is strongly influenced by Ruhollah Khomeini and his talk of the oppression of the poor and class war.

According to the Shia, Hasan was supposed to be the successor to Ali after Muhammad.

According to the Shia belief, he lived under the most difficult outward conditions of suppression and persecution.

According to the Shia, Husayn had gained the third Imam for a period of ten years after the death of his brother Hassan in 669.

According to Shia scholars, Husayn was also visited by a supporter with two of his sons from Basra, where Shia sentiment was limited.

According to Hadith which is narrated by Shia and Sufis, Muhammad told about him " I'm the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate ..." Muslims regard Ali as a major authority on Islam.

; According to Henry Corbin, the Nahj al-Balagha may be regarded as one of the most important sources of doctrines professed by Shia thinkers especially after 1500AD.

According to Shia and Sunni sources, Muhammad, upon the birth of his grandson in 3 AH, was ordered by the archangel Gabriel to name him Hasan-a name not used in the pre-Islamic period.

According to Shia scholars Hasan stipulated that the caliphate should be returned to him if he was still alive after Muawiyah's death, otherwise it should be given to his younger brother.

According to Persian Shia historians, Marwan ibn al-Hakam, the personal secretary to the third caliph Uthman ibn Affan who had fought against Ali during the Battle of Bassorah, was now the governor of Medina.

According to both the Nizari and Mustaali Shia sects, he is the sixth Imam.

According to Shia ' beliefs the Imam was both the spiritual and political head of the community.

According to estimates of the Word Religion Database 2005 the share of Muslims is 1. 2 %.

According to the authoritative Dictionary of Islam jihad is defined as: " A religious war with those who are unbelievers in the mission of Muhammad ... enjoined especially for the purpose of advancing Islam and repelling evil from Muslims.

According to Edward G. Browne, the three most prominent mystical Persian poets Rumi, Sana ' i and Attar were all Sunni Muslims and their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.

According to early Muslim historians, towns that surrendered without resistance and made treaties with the Muslims gave the Muslims permission to take their churches and synagogues.

According to Muslims, the Qur ' an is the unalterable word of God.

According to Muslims, sharia law is founded on the words of Allah as revealed in the Quran, and traditions gathered from the life of the Prophet Muhammad.

According to the view of some Sufi Muslims who incorporate both the outer and inner reality of Prophet Muhammad, hold the view that the deeper and true Sunnah are the noble characteristics and inner state of Prophet Muhammad.

According to Ibn Ishaq, the local pagan Arab tribes, the Muslim Muhajirun from Mecca, the local Muslims ( Ansar ), and the Jews of the area signed an agreement, the so-called Constitution of Medina, which committed all parties to mutual cooperation under the leadership of " Muhammad the Prophet ".

According to the famous Islamic legal scholar Ibn Qayyim ( 1292 – 1350 ), non-Muslims had the right to engage in such religious practices even if it offended Muslims, under the conditions that such cases not be presented to Islamic Sharia courts and that these religious minorities believed that the practice in question is permissible according to their religion.

According to the historian Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Böszörmény, ( Izmaleita or Ismaili / Nizari ) denomination of the Muslims who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 10 – 13th centuries, were employed as mercenaries by the kings of Hungary.

According to Creasy, the Muslims ' best strategic choice would have been to simply decline battle, depart with their loot, garrisoning the captured towns in southern Gaul, and return when they could force Charles to a battleground more to their liking, one that maximized the huge advantage they had in their mailed and armored horsemen.

According to Bernard Lewis, " The Arab historians, if they mention this engagement Battle of Tours at all, present it as a minor skirmish ," and Gustave von Grunebaum writes: " This setback may have been important from the European point of view, but for Muslims at the time, who saw no master plan imperilled thereby, it had no further significance.

According to Muslim conception, the source of barakah is solely from Allah ; it is Allah's direct blessing and intervention conferred upon special, pious Muslims.

According to a more recent research, the corrected estimates for Van province ( including women and children ) was ; 313, 000 Muslims, 130, 000 Armenians, and 65, 000 others, including Assyrians.

According to Jewish tradition, the stone is the site where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac ; Muslims believe it was Ishmael, not Isaac, who was to be sacrificed.

According to the census of 2001, 76. 8 % of thepopulatiion are Hindus, 19 % are Muslims, 2. 8 % are Christians, and the remainder belong to other religions.

According to Muslim observers, however, Toqta remained an idol-worshiper ( Buddhism and Tengerism ) and showed favour to religious men of all faiths, though he preferred Muslims.

According to some accounts, his grandfather was descended from a line of Muslims tracing their lineage back to Persia, while another traces his lineage instead to the area of present-day Afghanistan.

According to Schweitzer and Perry, some literature during the 10th and 11th century " made Jews out to be untrustworthy, treacherous oppressors, and exploiters of Muslims ".

According to the District Gazetteer Faizabad 1905, " up to this time ( 1855 ), both the Hindus and Muslims used to worship in the same building.

According to this ordinance, any Ahmadi who refers to oneself as a Muslim by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation, directly or indirectly, or makes the call for prayer as other Muslims do, is punishable by imprisonment of up to 3 years.

According to Christine L. Kettel, it is deemed problematic by those who suggest that Islamic belief requires all Muslims to be fundamentalists, and by others as a term used by outsiders to describe perceived trends within Islam.

According to Maimonides, Jesus of Nazareth is not the Messiah, as is claimed by Christians and Muslims.

According to Edward G. Browne, Attar as well as Rumi and Sana ' i were all Sunni Muslims and their poetry abound with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.