According to several Western historians, Stalinist agricultural policies were a key factor in causing the Soviet famine of 1932 – 1933, which the Ukrainian government now calls the Holodomor, recognizing it as an act of genocide.

According to the Ukrainian constitution, Ukrainian is the only official state language.

According to the latest Romanian Census ( 2002 ), Moldovan Census ( 2004 ) and Ukrainian Census ( 2001 ) data, the region has a total population of approximately 9, 700, 000 inhabitants, 48 % of them living in Romania, 36 % in Moldova and 16 % in Ukraine, distributed among the ethnic groups as follows:

According to this view, Old East Slavic diverged into Belarusian and Ukrainian to the west ( collectively, the Ruthenian language of the 15th to 18th centuries ), and Old Russian to the north-east, after the political boundaries of Kievan Rus ' were redrawn in the 14th century.

According to the agreements of the Yalta Conference, Lviv was integrated into the Ukrainian SSR, most of the Poles living in Lviv were transferred into Polish Recovered Territories and the city became the main centre of the western part of Soviet Ukraine, inhabited predominantly by Ukrainians with significant Russian minority.

According to the Ukrainian National Census, 2001, the ethnic groups of Sevastopol include Russians ( 71. 6 %), Ukrainians ( 22. 4 %), Belarusians ( 1. 6 %), Tatars ( 0. 7 %), Crimean Tatars ( 0. 5 %), Armenians ( 0. 3 %), Jews ( 0. 3 %), Moldovans ( 0. 2 %), and Azerbaijanis ( 0. 2 %).

According to Ukrainian law, anyone who was a citizen of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic who was residing in Ukraine at the time of its declaration of independence and any stateless person living on the territory of Ukraine at the moment of its declaration of independence was granted citizenship.

According to the Russian history the Ukrainian forces, under the command of Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa, had been in discussions with Charles for some time, and at this point he, Mazepa, officially allied himself to the Swedes in order to gain independence from Russia.

According to another opinion, it is a Ukrainian diminutive, or endearing form of the word tachka (, meaning ' wheelbarrow ').

According to official data from those two censuses, the Romanian population had decreased by 75, 752 people, and the Jewish population by 46, 632, while the Ukrainian and Russian populations increased by 135, 161 and 4, 322 people, respectively.

According to historian Martin Gilbert's Atlas of Jewish History, no province in the Pale had less than 14 % of Jews on relief ; Lithuanian and Ukrainian Jews supported as much as 22 % of their poor populations.

According to political scientist Bohdan Krawchenko, the Soviet policy of urbanisation and russification actually strengthened Ukrainian national identity.

According to the Austrian census of 1830, the city was home to 7, 538 people of whom 1, 508 ( 20 %) were members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, a significantly larger number of Ukrainians than in most Galician cities.

According to several political parties in Ukraine such as the Ukrainian People's Party Schwartzbard is considered as a Soviet spy ( NKVD ).

According to a Jewish former member of the Ukrainian government's cabinet, Solomon Goldelman, Petliura was afraid to punish officers or soldiers engaged in crimes against Jews for fear of losing their support.

According to those few who survived, the action had been carefully prepared ; a few days before the massacres there had been several meetings in Ukrainian villages, during which UPA members told the villagers that the slaughter of all Poles was necessary.

According to IPN investigation, the crime was committed by the 4th battalion of the Ukrainian 14th SS Division supported by UPA unit and local Ukrainian inhabitants.

According to Yale historian Timothy Snyder, the Ukrainian 14th SS Galician Division's role in the ethnic cleansing of Poles from western Ukraine was marginal.

According to Ivan Katchanovski, " the lower bound of these estimates is more reliable than higher estimates which are based on an assumption that the Polish population in the region was several times less likely to perish as a result of Nazi genocidal policies compared to other regions of Poland and compared to the Ukrainian population of Volhynia.

According to Grzegorz Motyka, the number of Ukrainian victims is between 2, 000-3, 000 in Volhynia and between 10, 000-15, 000 in all territories covered by the conflict.

According to Gregorz Motyka, author of a fundamental monograph about the UPA, estimations of 30, 000 Ukrainian casualties are unsupported.

According to Timothy Snyder, the ethnic cleansing of the Poles was exclusively the work of the extreme Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, rather than the Melnyk faction of that organization or other Ukrainian political or religious organizations.

According to Vahram Nercissiantz, President Serzh Sargsyan's chief economic adviser, " Businessmen holding state positions have turned into oligarchs who have avoided paying sufficient taxes by abusing their state positions, distorted markets with unequal conditions, breached the rules of competition, impeded or prevented small and medium-sized business ’ entry into manufacturing and thereby sharply deepened social polarization in the republic.

According to the Constitution, the President has ultimate authority over foreign policy, while Congress is tasked with reviewing and considering all diplomatic nominations and international treaties, as well as legislation relating to Brazilian foreign policy.

According to the London IPO filings, the management team was Philippe Kahn as President, Spencer Ozawa as VP of Operations, Marie Bourget as CFO, and Spencer Leyton as VP of business development, while all software development was continuing to take place in Denmark and later London as the Danish co-founders moved there.

According to the Constitution of the Czech Republic, the President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising supreme executive power.

According to US President John Adams, Ponet's work contained " all the essential principles of liberty, which were afterward dilated on by Sidney and Locke ", including the idea of a three-branched government.

According to the Board of Governors, the Federal Reserve is independent within government in that " its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the President or anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government.

According to legend, Dolley Madison was referred to as " First Lady " in 1849 at her funeral in a eulogy delivered by President Zachary Taylor.

According to the Italian Constitution, after his resignation from the office of President, Cossiga became lifetime senator, joining his predecessors in the upper house of parliament, with whom he also shared the title of President Emeritus of the Italian Republic.

According to the constitution, the President of the National Assembly was to assume the Presidency of the Republic in the event of a vacancy, and a new presidential election was to be held within 60 days.

According to a statement in July 2009 by a legal counsel of the Honduras military, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, the Honduran military was opposed to President Manuel Zelaya, whom the military had removed from Honduras a few days earlier, because of his left-wing politics.

According to his memoirs, before arriving in California he dined in Washington with President Millard Fillmore and his family, but Eric Cline says that he didn't attend but simply read about it in the papers.

According to Spink, President Roosevelt wanted " a tough judge and a man sympathetic with his viewpoint in that important court "; Lowden and Landis were, like Roosevelt, on the progressive left of the Republican Party.

According to Puglisi, in the post-1960 period the Times displays a more symmetric type of watchdog behaviour, just because during presidential campaigns it also gives more coverage to the typically Republican issue of Defense when the incumbent President is a Democrat, and less so when the incumbent is a Republican.

According to former ABC News correspondent Sam Donaldson, when the President heard of this treatment, he demanded — and eventually received — Regan's resignation.

According to the 1999 Constitution of Niger, the President may call a referendum on any matter ( except for a revision of those elements of the Constitution outlined in Article 136 — including the presidential term limits ).

According to Lt. Gen. Leonard T. Gerow, President of the Board which recommended its formation, " The College is concerned with grand strategy and the utilization of the national resources necessary to implement that strategy ... Its graduates will exercise a great influence on the formulation of national and foreign policy in both peace and war ...."

According to Article 50 of the Constitution, the National Assembly, the Senate and the President together make up a body known as the Majlis-i-Shoora ( Council of Advisers ).

According to Kevin Phillips, author and political strategist to U. S. President Richard Nixon, the United States is a plutocracy in which there is a " fusion of money and government.

According to article 7 of the Constitution, if the presidency becomes vacant for any reason, or if the president becomes incapacitated, upon the request of the gouvernement, the Constitutional Council may rule, by a majority vote, that the presidency is to be temporarily assumed by the President of the Senate.

According to the Constitution of Russia, the country is a federation and semi-presidential republic, wherein the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government.

According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval.

According to the Colombian government, FARC-EP had an estimated 6, 000 – 8, 000 members in 2008, down from 16, 000 in 2001, having lost much of their fighting force since President Álvaro Uribe took office in 2002.

According to the Syrian Constitution, the President of Syria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.