According to the direct-reference view, an early version of which was originally proposed by Bertrand Russell, and perhaps earlier by Gottlob Frege, a proper name strictly has no meaning when there is no object to which it refers.

According to Falconer, rather than being strictly defined, fractals should, in addition to being differentiable and able to have a fractal dimension, be generally characterized by a gestalt of the following features:

According to health economist Uwe Reinhardt, " strictly speaking, the term ' socialized medicine ' should be reserved for health systems in which the government operates the production of health care and provides its financing.

According to these two principles, the energy required to release an electron is strictly greater than or equal to the potential difference between the current bound atomic or molecular orbital and the highest possible orbital.

According to some scholars, mostly French, it looks to be strictly related to the ideas of the passage of the Roman people from war back to peace, from the condition of miles, soldier, to that of quiris, citizen occupied in peaceful business, as the rites of the Porta Belli imply.

According to the present state of discussion, Post-Impressionism is a term best used within Rewald's definition in a strictly historical manner, concentrating on French art between 1886 and 1914, and re-considering the altered positions of impressionist painters like Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir, and others — as well as all new brands at the turn of the century: from Cloisonnism to Cubism.

According to the Catechism, " without being strictly necessary, confession of everyday faults ( venial sins ) is nevertheless strongly recommended by the Church.

" According to Ortega y Gasset, "… the basic force behind their work was not strictly and exclusively the desire for truth ….

According to Father Timothy Johnson, a Roman Catholic Priest in the Diocese of Fargo, North Dakota ( USA ), " the Act of Contrition ," strictly speaking, is not part of the Roman Missal itself ," while translations of certain snippets or segments of the latin text ( see below ) exist in wide variation, as published in the numerous distinct handheld missals that are distributed for reading and recitation by parishioners of Roman Catholic Churches throughout the English-speaking world.

According to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, “ Raumer's style is direct, lucid and vigorous, and in his day he was a popular historian, but judged by strictly scientific standards he does not rank among the first men of his time .” According to Appletons ' Cyclopædia of American Biography, “ He is justly considered as one of the great historians of the 19th century .”

According to the proponents of expository preaching the weaknesses of the other forms generally center around their inability to strictly expose the original meaning of the text.

According to his view, all mountain ranges parallel to the same great circle of the earth are of strictly contemporaneous origin, and between the great circles a relation of symmetry exists in the form of a pentagonal réseau.

According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, the term dates from 1706 and is defined as " a person who adheres strictly and often excessively to a tradition ", especially " one preoccupied with the purity of a language and its protection from the use of foreign or altered forms.

According to Card, there is no strictly preferred order of reading them, except that Xenocide should be read right before Children of the Mind.

According to William L. Hamilton of The New York Times, detailed reports about his alleged romances with very close friends Debbie Reynolds and Natalie Wood were strictly the fodder of studio publicity departments.

According to the book and interviews by ex-journalist of Gazeta Wyborcza the starting capital was 15 PLN after denomination ( far less than 5 $, and the needed paper, machines, place to make it was given by communist regime ), and firstly newspaper had to be the all political point-of-view ( from left, via centre to the right, like the Polish anti-communism opposition-from Solidarnosc Walczaca, with nearly the " social-communism " with liberal and changing people at the table only, to the nearly far right-like conservative parties or strictly liberal, USA XIX century model ), however the Michnik and other gain power.

Again, the resistance to Napoleon was “ never a popular, national war .” He states in his book that “ there was no mass participation by the peasantry in the guerilla bands and in their activities, and their part in the campaign was strictly limited .” According to Tarle, “… it is clear that if the Spanish guerilla warfare might justifiably be called a national war, it would be impossible to apply this term to any Russian movement in the war of 1812 .” Tarle supported his interpretation by “ denying that the peasants fought against the French and describing the burning of Smolensk and Moscow as systematic acts of the Russian army in retreat .” Naturally, Tarle also gave references to Lenin ’ s words on Napoleon in his book.

According to her own statement she was one of the first women to be allowed into the professional group of the Griots which has otherwise been strictly reserved to men.

According to its founders, the purpose of Orania is to create a town where the preservation of Afrikanerdom's cultural heritage is strictly observed and Afrikaner selfwerksaamheid (" self reliance ") is an actual practice, not just an idea.

According to ancient Crimean Tatar traditions, marriage between relatives ( e. g. cousins ), even very distant ones, has always been strictly prohibited, unlike the local population of Anatolia.

According to Butterworth and Harris ( 1994 ) during childhood, the child is unable to distinguish between what is subjective ( things that are strictly personal or private ) and objective ( what is public knowledge ).

According to this theory, onion domes were strictly utilitarian, as they prevented snow from piling on the roof.

According to many observers, such a situation had not been strictly true for long, and the FARC itself later began to further distance itself from the group amid the bloodshed.

:" According to one explanation, the pre-Columbian tribes in Mexico called themselves Meshicas, and the Spaniards, employing the letter x ( which at that time represented a " sh " and " ch " sound ), spelled it Mexicas.

According to the argument, the existence of the Universe requires an explanation, and the creation of the Universe by a First Cause, generally assumed to be God, is that explanation.

According to the usual and entirely probable explanation they became, however, for a time disciples of John the Baptist, and were called by Christ from the circle of John's followers, together with Peter and Andrew, to become His disciples ().

According to this explanation, East German political authorities were well aware of West German television's popularity and adopted SECAM rather than the PAL encoding used in West Germany.

According to the common explanation, when electric waves are set up in the neighborhood of this circuit, electromotive forces are generated in it which appear to make the filings move closer together, that is, to cohere, and thus their electrical resistance decreasesaccordingly, Sir Oliver Lodge termed this piece of apparatus a coherer.

According to this vacuum energy explanation, since quantum theory holds that vacuum contains virtual particles, the rapidly moving interface between water and gas converts virtual photons into real photons.

According to his explanation, all entities have two aspects, " matter " and " form ".

According to Vivekananda, the explanation of the Shalagrama-Shila as a phallic emblem was an imaginary invention.

According to a documentary aired on the Swedish television channel SVT in February 2006, associates of Pettersson claimed that he had confessed to them his role in Olof Palme's murder, but with the explanation that it was a case of mistaken identity.

According to Oregon Geographic Names, the origins of the county's name are uncertain, with the most likely explanation being that it is derived from the Nez Perce term for a structure of stakes ( a weir ) used in fishing.

According to Callan: " I mentioned, just in the course of conversation, that I was Jewish – at which Lady Mosley went ashen, snapped a crimson nail and left the room ... No explanation was given but she would later write to a friend: A nice, polite reporter came to interview Tom Mosley was known but he turned out to be Jewish and was sitting there at our table.

According to the explanation, excessive monetary liquidity ( easy credit, large disposable incomes ) potentially occurs while fractional reserve banks are implementing expansionary monetary policy ( i. e. lowering of interest rates and flushing the financial system with money supply ); this explanation may differ in certain details according to economic philosophy.

According to this unsupported explanation, the bubbles continue as long as the fools can find greater fools to pay up for the overvalued asset.

According to this explanation of hypersexuality, persons engage in whatever sexual behavior in order to reduce feelings of tension, instead of to express sexual desire.

According to Cowan, the slaughter temporarily weakened the new confidence in Pai-marire, but chief prophet Te Ua had a satisfying explanation: that those who fell were to blame because they did not repose absolute faith in the karakia, or incantation.

According to a British account, the French played on this sympathy in 1855 by pressuring Prince Rakoto into signing a request for French aid that would have enabled France to establish control over Madagascar had the true nature of the letter and its signing not been uncovered by Rakoto and his British contacts An alternate explanation was offered by Lambert, who maintained that the prince had knowingly supported the attempt to put an end to his mother's harsh policies, and was a willing collaborator in a failed 1857 plot to remove her from the throne.

According to the traditional explanation, the theory of the consciousnesses attempted to explain all the phenomena of cyclic existence, including how rebirth occurs and precisely how karma functions on an individual basis.

According to his explanation, the wax on the leaves causes water to form beads, which become, in effect, lenses.

According to Shuko, " The simplest explanation is that we're triplets that were all born with the same body ".

According to Robert Osborne, host of Turner Classic Movies, Helen Hayes noted that various scenes were dropped from the script without explanation.

According to one account, he distinguished himself by stopping the runaway horses of her carriage ; according to another, he only picked up her handkerchief ; a third explanation of his fortune has been given.

According to one explanation, the badge is referred to as " Jimmy " because the image of Mercury was based on the late mediaeval bronze statue by the Italian sculptor Giambologna, and shortening over time reduced the name Giambologna to " Jimmy ".