According to economist John Quiggin, the standard features of " economic fundamentalist rhetoric " are " dogmatic " assertions and the claim that anyone who holds contrary views is not a real economist.

According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

According to Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, who had met Weber during his time at the University of Vienna,

According to Rajiv Sethi, an economist at Columbia University, black-white segregation in housing is slowly declining for most metropolitan areas in the US Racial segregation or separation can lead to social, economic and political tensions.

According to the economist George Selgin in his paper " Gresham's Law ":

According to ecological economist Robert Costanza:

According to economist Murray Rothbard:

According to economist theorists, companies receive a convenience yield by holding inventories of certain commodities.

According to economist William Stanley Jevons ( 1875 ), representative money arose because metal coins often were " variously clipped or depreciated " during use, but using representations for the value stored in banks ensured its worth.

According to economist Steve Keen, the " deleveraging " moments when they ( or the governments they live under ) pay down debt instead of spending on consumption or investment in real-economy infrastructure, result in economic crises or even depressions ( such as The Great Depression ).

According to health economist Uwe Reinhardt, " strictly speaking, the term ' socialized medicine ' should be reserved for health systems in which the government operates the production of health care and provides its financing.

According to economist Frank Knight, it is different from risk, where there is a specific probability assigned to each outcome ( as when flipping a fair coin ).

According to cooperative economist Charles Gide, the aim of a cooperative wholesale society is to arrange “ bulk purchases, and, if possible, organise production .” The best historical example of this were the English CWS and the Scottish CWS, which were the forerunners to the modern Co-operative Group.

According to economist Robin Hanson, in 1990 the first known corporate prediction market was used at Xanadu.

According to economist Stephen P. Magee, the benefits of free trade outweigh the losses by as much as 100 to 1.

According to the Marxist economist Ernest Mandel, who popularised the term with his 1972 PhD dissertation, late-stage capitalism will be dominated by the machinations – or perhaps better, fluidities – of financial capital ; and also by the increasing commodification and industrialisation of ever more inclusive sectors of human life.

According to economist Michael Hudson, China has said, " we don't want to make any more foreign exchange reserve of any paper currency, because all the paper currencies are government debt currencies.

According to economist and historian Murray Rothbard, between 1839 and 1843, real consumption increased by 21 percent and real gross national product increased by 16 percent, despite the fact that real investment fell by 23 percent and the money supply shrank by 34 percent.

According to a review by Geoffrey M. Hodgson, the term " social Darwinism " was first used in an English-language academic journal in an 1895 book review by the Harvard economist Frank Taussig ( it had been used as early as 1877 in Europe ).

According to the work of Nobel prize winning economist and expert on famines Amartya Sen, most famines do not result just from lower food production, but also from an inappropriate or inefficient distribution of the food, often compounded by lack of information and indeed misinformation as to the extent of the problem.

According to a study by economist David Card, deregulation resulted in the shift of approximately 5, 000 to 7, 000 airline mechanic jobs from the major trunk airlines to smaller carriers between 1978 and 1984.

According to economist Claudia Goldin, the success of the cliometric revolution had as an unintended consequence the disappearance of economic historians from history departments.

" According to Keynesian economist, Paul Krugman, the work of Friedman and Schwartz became dominant among mainstream economists by the 1980s but should be reconsidered in light of Japan's Lost Decade of the 1990s.

According to the latest research – for example, by Eduard Jacobs and Walther Grosse – there were no early relations with the Abbey at Corvey ( Weser ) and the abbot there, Warin, instead the town name suggests it was a protected clearance settlement.

According to Eduard Perroy, Pope Urban VI actually sanctioned the marriage between Richard and Anne, in an attempt to create an alliance on his behalf, in particular so that he might be stronger against the French, and their preferred pope, Clement.

According to a theory by Eduard Sangmeister, these settlements were abandoned, possibly as fertile land was exhausted, and then reoccupied perhaps when the land had lain fallow for long enough.

According to statistics released by the Georgian Election Commission, the elections were won by a combination of parties supporting President Eduard Shevardnadze.

According to the 19th century book (" Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century ") by Author Eduard Cust, the French Army has used 300 European Cavalry, 2250 European Infantries, 1300 Sepoys, 3000 Mahrattas with 16 pieces of Artillery and the English had used about 80 European Horses, 250 Native horses, 1900 European Infantries, 2100 Sepoys and 26 pieces of Artillery.

According to Forbes magazine Armenia had the second worst economy in the world in 2011.

According to official figures, Armenia ’ s economy grew by 13. 8 percent in 2007.

According to the Central Bank of Armenia, during the first half of 2008, cash remittances sent back to Armenia by Armenians working abroad rose by 57. 5 percent and totaled $ 668. 6 million USD, equivalent to 15 percent of the country's first-half Gross Domestic Product.

According to the Central Bank of Armenia, in 2005, cash remittances from Armenians working abroad reached a record-high level of $ 1 billion, which is worth more than one fifth of the country ’ s 2005 Gross Domestic Product.

According to official data, in 2007, a record-high 500, 000 tourists visited Armenia — most of them ethnic Armenians from Europe, Russia and the United States.

According to the state-owned Armenpress news agency, the average monthly wage in Armenia for the first half of 2007 was 70, 700 drams ( about $ 210 USD ).

According to Prof. Thomas Ambrosio, " Armenia's successful irredentist project in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan " and " From 1992 to the cease-fire in 1994, Armenia encountered a highly permissive or tolerant international environment that allowed its annexation of some 15 percent of Azerbaijani territory ".

According to this document, the Byzantine emperor's ancestors were not mere peasants as everyone believed but descendants of the Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia.

According to the 2011 CIA World Factbook, countries with more than 110 males per 100 females at birth also include Albania and former Soviet republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan.

According to most classic authors, a district which was bounded on the southwest by Pontus, on the west by the Black Sea as far as the river Corax ( probably the present day Bzyb River, Abkhazia, Georgia ), on the north by the chain of the Greater Caucasus, which lay between it and Asiatic Sarmatia, on the east by Iberia and Montes Moschici ( now the Lesser Caucasus ), and on the south by Armenia.

According to John Guillim, in his Display of Heraldrie, the word " ermine " is likely derived from Armenia, the nation where it was thought the species originated, though other authors have linked it to the Norman French from the Teutonic harmin ( Anglo-Saxon hearma ).

According to this treaty, Armenia was partitioned between the Romans and the Persians.

According to this text, the spear which pierced Jesus was to have been brought to Armenia by the apostle Thaddeus.

According to tradition, it was the apostles Saint Thaddeus and Saint Bartholomew, who brought Christianity to Armenia in the 1st century.

According to a legendary tradition reported by Khorenatsi, Arran was a descendant of Sisak, the ancestor of the Siunids of Armenia ’ s province of Syunik, and thus a great-grandson of the ancestral eponym of the Armenians, the Forefather Hayk.

According to tradition, the Amaras Monastery housed the first Armenian school in the historical Armenia, which was opened early in the 5th century by the inventor of the Armenian alphabet St. Mesrob Mashtots.

According to Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi writing in c. 482 AD, Tigranes captured Jerusalem and deported Hyrcanus to Armenia, however most scholars deem this account to be incorrect.

According to the Armenian historian Faustus of Byzantium ( 5th century ), when the Sassanid Persians invaded Armenia, Sassanid King Shapur II ( 310-380 ) removed 2, 000 Armenian and 16, 000 Jewish families in 360-370.

According to contemporary Arabic and Persian accounts, one of his generals, Bilarghu, a devout Muslim, had indicated his intention to erect a mosque in the city of Sis, still part of the Christian Kingdom of Armenia, possibly as part of a wider plan to place the province under his own control.

According to Soviet sources, relations with Georgia deteriorated over alleged violations of the peace treaty, re-arrests of Georgian Bolsheviks, obstructiveness to the passage of convoys passing through to Armenia, and a strong suspicion that Georgia was aiding armed rebels in the North Caucasus.

According to the medieval Georgian chronicles, the town of Gori was founded by King David IV ( r. 1089-1125 ) who settled refugees from Armenia there.

According to another hypothesis put forth by David M. Lang, the ancient name of Artsakh possibly derives from the name of King Artaxias I of Armenia ( 190-159 BC ), founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty and the kingdom of Greater Armenia.