According to the fossil record, Lissamphibia, which includes all modern amphibians and is the only surviving lineage, may have branched off from the extinct groups Temnospondyli and Lepospondyli at some period between the Late Carboniferous and the Early Triassic.

According to Scott Simpson, the Gona Project's physical anthropologist, the fossil evidence from the Middle Awash indicates that both A. kadabba and A. ramidus lived in " a mosaic of woodland and grasslands with lakes, swamps and springs nearby ," but further research is needed to determine which habitat Ardipithecus at Gona preferred.

According to fossil evidence, the primitive ancestors of primates may have existed in the late Cretaceous period around 65 million years ago ; the oldest known primate is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis, circa 55 – 58 million years ago .< ref name = ChatterjeeEtal2009 >

According to a joint research agenda conducted through the U. S. Department of Energy, the fossil energy ratios ( FER ) for cellulosic ethanol, corn ethanol, and gasoline are 10. 3, 1. 36, and 0. 81, respectively.

According to the famous DNA hybridization study into avian phylogenetic relationships by Sibley and Ahlquist, the split of the Procellariiformes into the four families occurred around 30 million years ago ; a fossil bone often attributed to the order, described as the genus Tytthostonyx, has been found in rocks dating around the Cretaceous – Paleogene boundary ( 70-60 mya ), but the remains are too incomplete for placement within the Procellariiformes to be certain.

According to Professor Lee R. Berger of the University of Witwatersrand, numerous fossil bones indicate some populations of Heidelbergensis were " giants " routinely over 2. 13 m ( 7 ft ) tall and inhabited South Africa between 500, 000 and 300, 000 years ago.

According to Renaissance accounts, gigantic, triangular fossil teeth often found embedded in rocky formations were once believed to be the petrified tongues, or glossopetrae, of dragons and snakes.

According to Thewissen et al., the teeth of pakicetids also resemble the teeth of fossil whales, being less like a dog's incisors, with a serrated triangular shape, similar to a shark's tooth, which is another link to more modern whales.

An in-depth mitochondrial DNA population analysis study stated: “ According to the fossil record, the Red Panda diverged from its common ancestor with bears about 40 million years ago ( Mayr 1986 ).

) According to Crabtree, et al., achieving a hydrogen economy requires deriving hydrogen efficiently and inexpensively from natural sources without using fossil fuels.

According to these discovered pieces, the tooth belonged neither to a man nor an ape, but to a fossil of an extinct genus of peccary called Prosthennops, and its identification as an ape was retracted in the journal Science in 1927.

According to the fossil record, the Aplodontioidea split from the squirrels in the Middle or Late Eocene as indicated by the extinct genera † Spurimus and † Prosciurus.

According to some research, district heating with combined heat and power ( CHPDH ) is the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of all fossil generation plants.

According to him Dr Hoffmann paid the quarrymen when they informed him of fossil finds.

According to a DNA sequence study, the ancestors of the gundis diverged from those of the Laotian rock rat around the Lutetian, some 44 mya ( Early / Middle Eocene ).< ref name = Huchon2007 > ( 2007 ): Multiple molecular evidences for a living mammalian fossil.

According to the original publication, the generic name Han is a reference to the Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group in present-day China ; and the specific epithet solo refers to the fact that the species is the youngest Diplagnostidae fossil found to that date, suggesting that it was the last surviving member of that family.

According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the burning of coal, a fossil fuel, is a significant contributor to global warming.

According to a report by the assistant secretary for fossil energy at the U. S. Department of Energy, clean coal technology has paid measurable dividends.

According to Roy Andrew Miller ( 1996: 98-99 ), the Clauson – Doerfer critique of Altaic relies exclusively on lexicon, whereas the fundamental evidence for Altaic consists in verbal morphology.

According to Stewart, there was evidence that gambling interests may have influenced Johnson's impeachment trial.

" According to University of Richmond Law Review, " When offering an Alford plea, a defendant asserts his innocence but admits that sufficient evidence exists to convict him of the offense.

According to the book Gender, Crime, and Punishment published by Yale University Press, " Under the Alford doctrine, a defendant does not admit guilt but admits that the state has sufficient evidence to find him or her guilty, should the case go to trial.

According to the band's website, although the group admired Holly ( and years later produced an album covering some of his songs ), their name was inspired primarily by the sprigs of holly in evidence around Christmas of 1962.

According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Egypt ( hieroglyphs ), the Near East ( cuneiform )— and the Mediterranean, with the Mycenaean culture ( Linear B )— had viable writing systems.

According to anthropologists Todd Sanders and Harry G. West, evidence suggests that a broad cross section of Americans today gives credence to at least some conspiracy theories.

According to Massiter, Newton believed that CND was controlled by extreme left-wing activists and that Bruce Kent might be a crypto-communist, but Massiter found no evidence to support either opinion.

According to Needham, though there is no way of answering the question of whether the crossbow first arose among the cultures neighboring ancient China before the rise of Chinese culture in their midst, or whether it spread outwards from China to all the environing peoples, the former seems the more probable hypothesis given linguistic evidence, which posits that the Chinese word for ' crossbow ' came from an Austroasiatic language.

According to Françoise Hélène Pairault's study, historical and archaeological evidence point to the fact that both Diana of the Aventine and Diana Nemorensis were the product of the direct or indirect influence of the cult of Artemis spread by the Phoceans among the Greek towns of Campania Cuma and Capua, which in turn passed it over to the Etruscans and the Latins by the VI and V centuries BC.

According to archaeological evidence and Spanish chronicles the civilization existed from Bahia de Caraquez to Cerro de Hojas in the south.

According to James Charlesworth, there is no evidence the surviving book of this name ever contained any such content.

According to the majority view, the evidence against Luke's being the author is strong enough that the author is unknown.

According to Francis King, historical evidence shows that there were " twenty three members of a flourishing Second Order under Berridge-Mathers in 1913.

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, " The evidence afforded by Egyptian and Greek texts support the view that Imhotep's reputation was very respected in early times ... His prestige increased with the lapse of centuries and his temples in Greek times were the centers of medical teachings.

According to an article by Nicholas Wade published in the New York Times, genetic evidence published in July 2012 in the journal Nature by David Reich of the Harvard Medical School " vindicates " Greenberg's hypothesis of three waves of migration into the Americas.

According to Agassiz, the different races were created in different provinces, each race was indigenous to the province it was created in, he cited evidence from Egyptian monuments to prove that fixity of racial types had existed for at least five millennia.

According to a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, the best evidence in the treatment of LEMS exists for 3, 4-aminopyridine and IVIG.

According to skeptic Robert T. Carroll, " Reports of the Mokèlé-mbèmbé have been circulating for the past two hundred years, yet no one has photographed the creature or produced any physical evidence of its existence.

According to aboriginal oral traditions, as well as archaeological evidence, maple tree sap was being processed into syrup long before Europeans arrived in the region.

According to evidence, Najibullah dependent on his family and his professional network, and appointed more often than not people he know to top positions within the KHAD.

According to Peikoff, one can be certain of a proposition if all of the available evidence supports it, i. e., it can be logically integrated with the rest of one's knowledge ; one is then certain within the context of the evidence.

According to Ferdinand Bohlmann, the first naturally occurring acetylenic compound, dehydromatricaria ester, was isolated from an Artemisia species in 1826.

According to United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization the term bean should include only species of Phaseolus ; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as Vigna ( angularis ( azuki bean ), mungo ( black gram ), radiata ( mung bean ), aconitifolia ( moth bean )) were classified as Phaseolus and later reclassified.

According to the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 209 species of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and plants are endangered.

According to some versions of functionalism, even non-human systems, such as other animal species, alien life forms, or advanced computers can, in principle, have mental states.

According to Mike Dash, a Welsh historian, few scientists doubt there are thousands of unknown animals, particularly invertebrates, awaiting discovery ; however, cryptozoologists are largely uninterested in researching and cataloging newly-discovered species of ants or beetles, instead focusing their efforts towards " more elusive " creatures that have often defied decades of work aimed at confirming their existence.

According to Emile Benveniste ( 1954 ), the earliest written occurrence in English of civilisation in its modern sense may be found in Adam Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society ( Edinburgh, 1767 – p. 2 ): " Not only the individual advances from infancy to manhood, but the species itself from rudeness to civilisation.

According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as camouflage evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage, enabling them to leave more offspring, on average, than other members of the same species.

According to Gause ’ s " competitive exclusion principle " no two species with identical ecological requirements can coexist in a stable environment.

According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, up to 140, 000 species per year may be the present rate of extinction.

According to Agassiz genera and species were ideas in the mind of God, their existence in God ’ s mind prior to their physical creation meant that God could create human as one species yet in several distinct and geographically separate acts of creation.

According to Agassiz there is one species of humans but many different creations of races.

According to Agassiz ’ s theory of polygenism animals, plants and humans were all created in “ special provinces ” each having distinct populations of species created in and for that province.

According to Agassiz ’ s theory of polygenism all species are fixed, including all the races of humans and species do not evolve into other species.

According to these new rules, " mineral species can be grouped in a number of different ways, on the basis of chemistry, crystal structure, occurrence, association, genetic history, or resource, for example, depending on the purpose to be served by the classification.

According to the biological species concept, these will be two different species.

According to the Activision game Star Trek: Bridge Commander, the Cardassian race evolved from a species known as Mek ' hammut, loosely translated as " sand crawlers ".

According to Wolpoff, populations of Homo evolved together as a single species.

According to FishBase, 32, 200 species of fish had been described by March 2012.

According to more recent study, 82 species of Peripatidae and 115 species of Peripatopsidae have been described thus far.