According to the American Bar Association, a lawyer that is a certified specialist has been recognized by an independent professional certifying organization as having an enhanced level of skill and expertise, as well as substantial involvement in an established legal specialty.

According to David, the Romano-Germanic legal systems included those countries where legal science was formulated according to Roman Law, whereas common law countries are those where law was created from the judges.

According to Dutch legal experts Crombag, Wagenaar, van Koppen, the Dutch system contravenes the provisions of the European Human Rights convention, in the imbalance between the power of the prosecution service and the defence.

According to the WHO, some practices regarded as legal in countries that have outlawed FGM do fall under the category of Type IV ( see below ), but the organization decided to maintain a broad definition to avoid loopholes that could allow FGM to continue.

According to a statement in July 2009 by a legal counsel of the Honduras military, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, the Honduran military was opposed to President Manuel Zelaya, whom the military had removed from Honduras a few days earlier, because of his left-wing politics.

According to him, law is not entirely based on social facts, but includes the morally best justification for the institutional facts and practices that we intuitively regard as legal.

According to George Macaulay Trevelyan in A Shortened History of England, during the Viking occupation: “ The Scandinavians, when not on the Viking warpath, were a litigious people and loved to get together in the ‘ thing ’ to hear legal argument.

According to contemporary royalist legal theory, the Long Parliament was regarded as having been automatically dissolved from the moment of Charles I's execution on 30 January 1649.

According to the Council of the League of Nations, meeting of August 1920: " draft mandates adopted by the Allied and Associated Powers would not be definitive until they had been considered and approved by the League ... the legal title held by the mandatory Power must be a double one: one conferred by the Principal Powers and the other conferred by the League of Nations ,"

According to Harper, the motion was of a symbolic political nature, representing no constitutional change, no recognition of Quebec sovereignty, and no legal change in its political relations within the federation.

According to his friend, the theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.

" According to him, until the 1760s, a " man's house was even less of a legal castle in America than in England " as the authorities possessed almost unlimited power and little oversight.

According to one legal style manual, a sample citation would be " Privacy Act of 1974, ( 2006 )", read aloud as " Title five, United States Code, section five fifty-two A " or simply " five USC five fifty-two A.

According to law and jurisprudence, legal cause must be demonstrated to hold a defendant liable for a crime or a tort ( i. e. a civil wrong such as negligence or trespass ).

According to statistics available from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, of nearly 31, 000 firearm-related deaths in 2005, suicides account for 55 percent of deaths in the United States whereas homicides account for 40 percent of deaths, accidents account for three percent, and the remaining two percent were legal killings.

According to the famous Islamic legal scholar Ibn Qayyim ( 1292 – 1350 ), non-Muslims had the right to engage in such religious practices even if it offended Muslims, under the conditions that such cases not be presented to Islamic Sharia courts and that these religious minorities believed that the practice in question is permissible according to their religion.

According to Dr. Kimani Nehusi, the presence of European slavers affected the way in which the legal code in African societies responded to offenders.

According to an historical narrative on the event titled " Chief Left Hand ", by Margaret Coel, contributing factors that led to the massacre were: Governor Evans ' desire to hold title to the resource rich Denver-Boulder area ; government trust officials ' avoidance of Chief Left Hand ( a linguistically gifted Southern Arapaho chief ), when executing a legal treaty that transferred title of the area away from Indian Trust ; a local cavalry stretched thin by the demands of the Civil War ; the hijacking of their supplies by a few stray Indian warriors who had lost respect for their chiefs and followers of Chief Left Hand ( including a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho elders, a few well behaved warriors, and mostly women and children ), who had received a message to report to Fort Lyon with the promise of safety and food at the Fort, or risk being considered " hostile " and ordered killed by the cavalry.

According to a report by the United Nations ' Food and Agriculture Organisation, land degradation has been exacerbated where there has been an absence of any land use planning, or of its orderly execution, or the existence of financial or legal incentives that have led to the wrong land use decisions, or one-sided central planning leading to over-utilization of the land resources-for instance for immediate production at all costs.

According to the legal practice of classical Athens, Creon is obliged to marry his closest relative ( Haemon ) to the late king's daughter in an inverted marriage rite, which would oblige Haemon to produce a son and heir for his dead father in law.

According to both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, this agreement was given legal force by the Instrument of Surrender of Japan in 1945.

According to Shammai Feldman, Zelophehad and his daughters are a fiction created simply to illustrate some of the legal rules of inheritance ; Jewish textual scholars regard the accounts concerning Zelophehad's daughters as accretions added to the earlier priestly source narrative by writers from the same pro-Aaronid religio-political group.

According to present doctrine, that of " treaty monism ", treaties are in the Dutch legal system in principle self-executing ; no special transformation is needed by implementing special law, as in countries with a " dualistic " system ( such as the United Kingdom ).

According to copyright law in the United States and certain other copyright jurisdictions, if a work is " made for hire ", the employer — not the employee — is considered the legal author.

According to 20th-century scholar Walther Ludwig, the poems were spuriously inserted into an early biography of Plato sometime between 250 BC and 100 BC and adopted by later writers from this source.

According to 2000 publishings by scholar Manuel Pedro Ferreira the models for the Cantigas might actually be something different than a traditional French rondeau.

According to Manuel Pedro Ferreira, a scholar on the Cantigas, the music found in the Cantigas cannot be classified as Arabic, but instead must be classified as " Moorish-Andalusian ".

According to Cordwainer Smith scholar Alan C. Elms, this speculation first reached print in Brian Aldiss's 1973 history of science fiction, Billion Year Spree ; Aldiss, in turn, claimed to have gotten the information from Leon Stover.

According to the 4th century Latin writer Servius, a fourth set of Etruscan books existed, dealing with animal gods, but it is unlikely that any scholar living in the 4th century could have read Etruscan.

According to New Testament scholar Daniel Wallace, the theme may be stated pragmatically as “ Christians, get along with each other!

According to Jesuit scholar Joseph Fitzmyer, the book, " overwhelms the reader by the density and sublimity of the topic with which it deals, the gospel of the justification and salvation of Jew and Greek alike by the grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ, revealing the uprightness and love of God the father.

According to the sixth century Byzantine scholar Zosimus, " Honorius wrote letters to the cities in Britain, bidding them to guard themselves.

According to scholar Ronald Cameron, it was originally composed some time between the middle of the 1st century and early in the 2nd century, and it was probably written shortly before the Gospel of John.

According to one scholar, John portrays Jesus Christ as " a brief manifestation of the eternal Word, whose immortal spirit remains ever-present with the believing Christian.

According to the modern scholar Pat Southern, however, some historians now see him in a more positive light.

According to Melville scholar Elizabeth Renker " a sea change in the reception of the poems is incipient.

According to the records of the Order, the manuscripts were passed from Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie, a Masonic scholar, to Rev.

According to Martin Noth, a scholar of the Hebrew Bible, the narratives of Isaac date back to an older cultural stage than that of the West-Jordanian Jacob.

According to scholar Alan Dundes, who wrote extensively on the topic, the custom originated among Romani Gypsies in Wales ( Welsh Kale Gypsies ) and England ( English Romanichal Gypsies ).

According to scholar Oskar Skarsaune, Justin relies on two main sources for his proofs from prophecy that probably circulated as collections of scriptural testimonies within his Christian school.

According to scholar James Butrica, lesbianism " challenged not only the Roman male's view of himself as the exclusive giver of sexual pleasure but also the most basic foundations of Rome's male-dominated culture ".

According to the United States scholar Nicholas Eberstadt and demographer Judith Banister, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ri, or ni (,: village, the local administrative unit ) level in rural areas and the dong (,: district or block ) level in urban areas.

According to one Korean American scholar who visited North Korea in the early 1980s, the country has no birth control policies ; parents are encouraged to have as many as six children.

* According to Nepali scholar Rishikesh Shaha, the ancient chronicles report that a sage ( muni ) named Ne became the protector ( pāla ) of this land and the founder of its first ruling dynasty.

According to the bhikkhu ( monk ) and scholar Walpola Rahula, the divisions of the noble eightfold path " are to be developed more or less simultaneously, as far as possible according to the capacity of each individual.

According to international scholar Thorwald Lorenzen, the first Easter led to a shift in emphasis from faith " in God " to faith " in Christ.

According to A. Zahoor, in the 11th century, the Persian polymath scholar Abu Rayhan Biruni described the Milky Way galaxy as a multitude of fragments having the properties of nebulous stars, and also gave the latitudes of various stars during a lunar eclipse in 1019.

According to medieval scholar Richard Zeikowitz, the Green Knight represents a threat to homosocial friendship in his medieval world.

According to Hamid S. Hosseini, the power of supply and demand was understood to some extent by several early Muslim scholars, such as fourteenth-century Mamluk scholar Ibn Taymiyyah, who wrote: