According to Cordwainer Smith scholar Alan C. Elms, this speculation first reached print in Brian Aldiss's 1973 history of science fiction, Billion Year Spree ; Aldiss, in turn, claimed to have gotten the information from Leon Stover.

According to David, the Romano-Germanic legal systems included those countries where legal science was formulated according to Roman Law, whereas common law countries are those where law was created from the judges.

According to CiteSeer, Ian Clarke's " Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System " was the most cited computer science paper of 2000.

According to science and technology historian Bert S. Hall: " It goes without saying, however, that historians bent on special pleading, or simply with axes of their own to grind, can find rich material in these terminological thickets.

According to Eric S. Raymond, the Open source and Free Software hacker subculture developed in the 1960s among ‘ academic hackers ’ working on early minicomputers in computer science environments in the United States.

According to Kuhn, each new paradigm re-writes the history of its science to present by selection and distortions the former paradigm as its forerunner.

According to Swinford, this change can be attributed in part to the fact that " science and technical culture have changed perceptions of the natural world, have significantly changed the natural world itself, thereby altering the vocabulary of symbols applicable to epistemological and allegorical attempts to understand it.

According to epidemiologist David Michaels, Assistant Secretary of Energy for Environment, Safety, and Health in the Clinton Administration, the tobacco industry invented the " sound science " movement in the 1980s as part of their campaign against the regulation of second-hand smoke.

According to Gödel mathematical logic was " a science prior to all others, which contains the ideas and principles underlying all sciences.

According to the foreword of Ubik: The Screenplay ( by Tim Powers, a friend of Dick's and fellow science fiction writer ), Dick had an idea for the film which involved " the film itself appearing to undergo a series of reversions: to black-and-white, then to the awkward jerkiness of very early movies, then to a crookedly jammed frame which proceeds to blacken, bubble and melt away, leaving only the white glare of the projection bulb, which in turn deteriorates to leave the theater in darkness, and might almost leave the moviegoer wondering what sort of dilapidated, antique jalopy he'll find his car-keys fitting when he goes outside.

:" According to physicalism, the language of physics is the universal language of science and, consequently, any knowledge can be brought back to the statements on the physical objects.

According to BBC, 17 % of computer science students could not find work in their field 7 months after graduation in 2009 which was the highest rate of the university majors surveyed while 0 % of medical students were unemployed in the same survey.

According to Gould " stasis may emerge as the theory's most important contribution to evolutionary science.

According to Bloomberg, Russia is considered well ahead of most other resource-rich countries in its economic development, with a long tradition of education, science, and industry.

According to Kurzweil's argument, since growth in so many fields of science and technology depends upon computing power, these improvements translate into exponentially more frequent advances in non-computer sciences like nanotechnology, biotechnology, and materials science.

According to The Star Trek Encyclopedia, the registry number " NCC-1701 " was devised by Matt Jefferies, art director of the first Star Trek series, inspired by an old science fiction cover that Gene Roddenberry liked, with a starship flying through space.

According to Giorgio de Santillana, professor of the history of science at MIT, and student of mythology, the sampo and the world pillar both refer to the precession of the equinox.

According to Newton himself and other historians of science, his Principia's first law of motion was the same as Aristotle's counterfactual principle of interminable locomotion in a void stated in Physics 4. 8. 215a19 – 22 and was also endorsed by ancient Greek atomists and others.

According to Jensen, the book was " a patent example " of the bias that political ideology imposes upon science — the very thing that Gould sought to portray in the book.

According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Solovyov thought, “ Although empiricism and rationalism (= idealism ) rest on false principles, their respective objective contents, external experience, qua the foundation of natural science, and logical thought, qua the foundation of pure philosophy, are to be synthesized or encompassed along with mystical knowledge in ' integral knowledge ,' what Solovyov terms ' theosophy.

According to Blavatsky Occult science provides a description of reality not only at a physical level but also on a metaphysical one.

According to ScienceWatch, UVic is nationally ranked first in geoscience, second in space science and education, and third in engineering and mathematics for the period of 2000 – 2004.

According to scholars Carole Kismaric and Marvi Heiferman, " The golden age of detective fiction began with high-class amateur detectives sniffing out murderers lurking in rose gardens, down country lanes, and in picturesque villages.

According to Robert J. Sawyer, " Science fiction and mystery have a great deal in common.

According to the Saintly Bible website, every Saint book published between 1928 and 1983 saw the first edition issued by Hodder and Stoughton in the UK ( a company that originally published only religious books ) and The Crime Club ( an imprint of Doubleday that specialized in mystery and detective fiction ) in the United States.

According to an often-repeated fiction, Gilbert and Sullivan did not change the name to Iolanthe until just before the première.

According to this view the psychological ‘ I ’ is a narrative fiction, something created only from intake of symbolic data and its own ability to create stories about itself from that data.

Consequently, Baen also makes its entire catalog available in multiple formats for downloading and typically prices electronic versions of its books at or below that of paperback editions — and makes a profit doing it .</ span > According to essays on Baen's science fiction e-magazine Jim Baen's Universe, also edited by Flint, the strategy is if anything, getting stronger and more fruitful with the passage of time, especially with the advent of e-book readers such as the Amazon Kindle, and the Barnes & Noble Nook.

According to the British style guide Butcher's Copy-editing, American style should be used when writing fiction.

According to Shammai Feldman, Zelophehad and his daughters are a fiction created simply to illustrate some of the legal rules of inheritance ; Jewish textual scholars regard the accounts concerning Zelophehad's daughters as accretions added to the earlier priestly source narrative by writers from the same pro-Aaronid religio-political group.

According to Moore, the concept behind the series was initially a " Justice League of Victorian England " but quickly grew into an opportunity to merge several works of fiction into one world.

According to legend, the relic was given to the cathedral by Charlemagne who received it as a gift from Emperor Constantine VI during a crusade to Jerusalem, however this legend was pure fiction ( Charlemagne never went to the Holy Land ) – probably invented in the 11th century to authenticate some relics at the Abbey of St Denis.

According to fandom historian Fred Patten, the concept of furry originated at a science fiction convention in 1980, when a character drawing from Steve Gallacci ’ s Albedo Anthropomorphics started a discussion of anthropomorphic characters in science fiction novels.

According to science fiction writer and animation historian Andy Mangels, who hosts commentary for many Filmation releases, the three Super 7 segments in question were pulled from distribution due to " various lawsuits " from Marvel Comics and DC Comics.

According to sf historian and critic Mike Ashley, its success was the main reason for a subsequent flood of new releases: 22 more science fiction magazines appeared by 1954, when the market dipped again as a side effect of US Senate hearings into the putative connection between comic books and juvenile delinquency.

According to the new, full translation put out by the Naval Institute Press, nearly all errors can be attributed to the editors, with only a few being the fault of Jules Verne, who was meticulous in his presentation of science within science fiction.

According to researcher Sari Kawana, he was one of the writers involved in writing " mad scientist murders ," a subgenre within the larger stream of Japanese detective fiction during the 1920s and 1930s.

According to their website, Spectra publishes " science-fiction, fantasy, horror, and speculative novels from recognizable authors " Spectra authors have collectively won 31 such awards in the fields of science fiction and fantasy, and been nominated on 132 occasions.

According to Vitruvius ( vii., preface ) he lived during the age of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by whom he was crucified as the punishment of his criticisms on the king ; but this account should probably be rejected as a fiction based on Zoilus ' reputation.

According to their story ( written for them by a fiction author, Jeremy Robert Johnson ), Omar Rodriguez Lopez purchased a Ouija board while traveling in Jerusalem.

According to Caroline Rosenthal, author of Narrative Deconstructions of Gender in Works by Audrey Thomas, Daphne Marlatt, and Louise Erdich, “ Marlatt, in Ana Historic, challenges the regulatory fiction of heterosexuality.