According to Nielsen ( 2008 ) a dictionary may be regarded as a lexicographical product that is characterised by three significant features: ( 1 ) it has been prepared for one or more functions ; ( 2 ) it contains data that have been selected for the purpose of fulfilling those functions ; and ( 3 ) its lexicographic structures link and establish relationships between the data so that they can meet the needs of users and fulfill the functions of the dictionary.

According to Jan-Gustaf Ljunggren, in an article in the Swedish journal Läkartidningen ( 1983 ; No 32-33 ), in the 12th century, Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani, another Muslim physician, provided the first description of Graves ' disease after noting the association of goitre and exophthalmos in his Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm, the major medical dictionary of its time.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, institutionalisation of the word became complete with its first appearance in a dictionary ( 1848 ) and first appearance in an encyclopedia ( 1868 ).

According to the dictionary of Monier Monier-Williams, the most frequent meanings of the Sanskrit term, from which the word " prakrit " is derived, are " original, natural, normal " and the term is derived from, " making or placing before or at first, the original or natural form or condition of anything, original or primary substance ".

According to the first dictionary of modern Serbian language ( published by Vuk Stefanović-Karadžić in 1818 ) vukodlak / вукодлак ( werewolf ) and vampir / вампир ( vampire ) are synonyms, meaning a man who returns from his grave for purposes of fornicating with his widow.

According to the Japanese dictionary Shogakukan Kokugo Daijiten, " Bushidō is defined as a unique philosophy ( ronri ) that spread through the warrior class from the Muromachi ( chusei ) period.

According to an alternate version cited in the dictionary of Suda, the Meleagrids were companions of Iocallis, a maiden of Leros who was honored as a deity.

According to the dictionary Suda, however, the proverbial expression " Termerian mischief " was due to a fortified dungeon located in Caria near Mount Termerion lying between Myndus and Halicarnassus.

According to the standard Pukui and Elbert Hawaiian dictionary, ' unihipili are the spirits of deceased persons, ' uhane is a soul, spirit or ghost, and ' aumakua are family or personal gods, deified ancestors who might assume the shape of animals.

According to the Monnier-Williams dictionary Samkalpa ( initiative / volition ) is mentioned as a daughter of Daksha.

According to Brewer's dictionary, " The phrase has never been satisfactorily accounted for, but it has been said that cheese was formerly sold in Cheshire moulded like a cat that looked as though it was grinning ".

According to Thomas Blount in his 1656 dictionary " Glossographia ", the origin of the word " Revels " is the French word " reveiller ", to wake from sleep.

According to the Revenge of the Sith Incredible Cross-sections by Dr. Curtis Saxton, and according to the film's visual dictionary, Itchy was involved in the Battle of Kashyyyk as a gunner aboard an Oevvaor jet catamaran in the defense of Kachirho during the Battle of Kashyyyk.

According to the Merriam-Webster's dictionary, ' bagel ' derives from the transliteration of the Yiddish ' beygl ', which came from the Middle High German ' böugel ' or ring, which itself came from ' bouc ' ( ring ) in Old High German, similar to the Old English ' bēag ' ( ring ), and ' būgan ' ( to bend or bow ).

According to Douglas Harper's online etymology dictionary, fork in the meaning of " to divide in branches, go separate ways " has been used as early as 14th century.

According to the Petit Robert dictionary, the name dates to around 1960.

According to a press release, Sultan Sakoon, a prominent Hindko poet, compiled the dictionary.

According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary the word assessment comes from the root word assess which is defined as:

According to Merriam Webster's dictionary, however, spindrift derives from a local Scottish pronunciation of speen ( not spoon ), meaning " to drive before a strong wind.

According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, " debunk " is defined as 1.

* According to the American heritage dictionary lavash is of Armenian origin.

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the definition of mammy is " a black woman serving as a nurse to white children especially formerly in the southern United States ".

According to the Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster dictionary, the term derives from ' do as in hairdo.

According to Ivinskaya, " He began to say what an authentic event the funeral was -- an expression of what people really felt, and so characteristic of the Russia which stoned its prophets and did its poets to death as a matter of longstanding tradition.

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, " collectivism has found varying degrees of expression in the 20th century in such movements as socialism, communism, and fascism.

According to music writer Piero Scaruffi, the disco phenomenon spread quickly because the " collective ecstasy " of disco was cathartic and regenerative and led to freedom of expression.

According to, the Śulba Sūtras contain " the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean Theorem in the world, although it had already been known to the Old Babylonians.

According to a very different account by an ancient grammarian, Herodotus refused to begin reading his work at the festival of Olympia until some clouds offered him a bit of shade, by which time however the assembly had dispersed-thus the proverbial expression " Herodotus and his shade " to describe any man who misses his opportunity through delay.

According to feminists, in its most overt expression, a misogynist will openly hate all women simply because they are female.

According to Bruce Lee, martial arts also have the nature of an art, since there is emotional communication and complete emotional expression.

* According to Nietzsche, in Greek " oi " was an expression of pain, and someone who was in pain or miserable was said to be " oizuros ".

According to his student Lynde Wheeler, of the existing portraits this is the most faithful to Gibbs's kindly habitual expression.

According to one study, the hippocampal reelin expression rapidly goes up when there is need to store a memory, as demethylases open up the RELN gene.

According to one study, reelin expression and glycosylation patterns are altered in Alzheimer's disease.

According to one report, prolonged exposure to corticosterone significantly decreased reelin expression in murine hippocampi, a finding possibly pertinent to the hypothetical role of corticosteroids in depression.

According to David A. Rausch, " The name change, however, signified far more than a semantical expression — it represented an evolution in the thought processes and religious and philosophical outlook toward a more fervent expression of Jewish identity ".

According to this expression, an atomic system at absolute zero retains an energy of ½hν.

According to Quaw, the townsite was a blind railroad siding nine and seven tenths miles west of Bozeman, and was named Belgrade after the capital of Serbia as an expression of appreciation to Serbian investors who helped finance a portion of the Northern Pacific Railroad.

According to Aristeides Papadakis, " all Orthodox scholars who have written on Palamas — Lossky, Krivosheine, Papamichael, Meyendorff, Christou — assume his voice to be a legitimate expression of Orthodox tradition.

According to Lewicki, she had an expression of horror on her face and screamed: " Fuck you ".

According to Azerbaijani historians, the design comes from ancient times of Zoroastrianism as an expression of essence of that religion and it became subsequently a decor element which is widely used in Azerbaijani culture and architecture.

According to some scholars, the " tathagatagarbha "/ Buddha nature discussed in some Mahayana sutras does not represent a substantial self ( atman ); rather, it is a positive language and expression of sunyata ( emptiness ) and represents the potentiality to realize Buddhahood through Buddhist practices.

According to Isobel Armstrong, Procter's poetry, like that of many 19th-century women poets, employs conventional ideas and modes of expression without necessarily espousing them in entirety.

According to Veronique Henelon, " French rap specifically has been a multi-dimensional expression of ties with Africa.

" According to Hitchens, the concept of a god or a supreme being is a totalitarian belief that destroys individual freedom, and free expression and scientific discovery should replace religion as a means of teaching ethics and defining human civilization.

According to the famous poet Nazım Hikmet, Loti's apparent criticism of Turkish society was actually an expression of his pity for the sorry state of the backward Ottoman Empire.