According to Kenneth S. Rogoff, " Although the development of international capital markets was quite limited prior to 1800, we nevertheless catalog the numerous defaults of France, Portugal, Prussia, Spain, and the early Italian city-states.

* According to culinary writer Giuliano Bugialli, the term comes from the Italian bagno maria, named after Maria de ' Cleofa, who developed the technique in Florence in the sixteenth century.

According to some researchers, despite the significant differences between the writing systems, Italian, German and English populations suffer similarly from dyslexia.

According to his letters, he was associated with the Venetian natural philosopher, Giulio Camillo, but, apart from this, he had a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected.

According to Robert Evans, head of Paramount Pictures at the time, Coppola also did not initially want to direct the film because he feared it would glorify the Mafia and violence, and thus reflect poorly on his Sicilian and Italian heritage ; on the other hand, Evans specifically wanted an Italian-American to direct the film because his research had shown that previous films about the Mafia that were directed by non-Italians had fared dismally at the box office, and he wanted to, in his own words, " smell the spaghetti ".

According to Italian journalist Enrico Deaglio, Cossiga to justify his lack of action " accused the leaders of CGIL and of the Italian Communist Party to know the location where Moro was detained ".

According to the Italian Constitution, after his resignation from the office of President, Cossiga became lifetime senator, joining his predecessors in the upper house of parliament, with whom he also shared the title of President Emeritus of the Italian Republic.

According to the Italian government, there were 4, 570, 317 foreign residents in Italy as of January 2011.

According to the EU's statistics body Eurostat, Italian public debt stood at 116 % of GDP in 2010, ranking as the second biggest debt ratio after Greece ( with 126. 8 %).

According to the Bologna statistics of the European Union, Italian is spoken as a mother tongue by 65 million people in the EU ( 13 % of the EU population ), mainly in Italy, and as a second language by 14 million ( 3 %).

According to the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, every year there are more than 200, 000 foreign students that are learning Italian language ; they are distributed in the 90 Institutes of Italian Culture in the world, in the 179 Italian schools abroad and in the 111 Italian sections that are open into foreign schools.

According to Professor Grillo, these exchanges are " pure Italian.

According to the Liber Pontificalis, Linus was an Italian from Tuscany ( though his name is Greek ) and born in Volterra, and his father's name was Herculanus.

According to one hypothesis, an Italian architect called Petrok Maly may have been an author of the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye, one of the earliest and most prominent tented roof churches.

According to Vasari, antique art was central to the rebirth of Italian art.

According to the Mitrokhin Archives, the Italian Communist Party lodged several complaints with the Soviet ambassador in Rome regarding Czechoslovak support of the Red Brigades, but the Soviets were either unwilling or unable to stop the StB.

According to the Italian Constitution, the President of the Italian Republic is not accountable, and he is not responsible for any act of his office, unless he has committed high treason or attempted to subvert the Constitution.

According to a French etymology, the Italian tarocco derived from Arabic طرح ṭarḥ, ' rejection ; subtraction, deduction, discount '.

According to Kapila Vatsyayan, " Classical Indian architecture, sculpture, painting, literature ( kāvya ), music, and dancing evolved their own rules conditioned by their respective media, but they shared with one another not only the underlying spiritual beliefs of the Indian religio-philosophic mind, but also the procedures by which the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual states were worked out in detail.

According to Chomsky, the media and public relations industry actively shape public opinion, working to present messages in line with their economic agenda for the purposes of controlling of the ' public mind '.

According to Hideo Tokuoka, " When Americans think of incest, they think of fathers and daughters ; in Japan one thinks of mothers and sons " due to the extensive media coverage of mother-son incest there.

According to Dan Sutter of the University of Oklahoma, a systematic liberal bias in the U. S. media could depend on the fact that owners and / or journalists typically lean to the left.

According to this model, most views within society are freely expressed, and the mass media are accountable to the people and tends to reflect the spectrum of opinion.

According to the Encyclopedia of Social Work ( 19th edition ), the news media play an influential role in the general public's perception of cults.

According to the Government of Australia's ' Excellence in Research for Australia ' report, the leading universities in the country for media studies ( which were ranked well above World standards by the report's scoring methodology ) are Monash University, QUT, RMIT, University of Melbourne, University of Queensland and UTS.

According to the Western news media the base is reportedly to help China project seapower well into the Pacific Ocean area, including challenging United States naval power.

According to the Australian Classification Board media release, the DVD was passed due to " the inclusion of 176 minutes of additional material which provided a context to the feature film.

According to the English translation distributed by the BBC and other media outlets, he tells viewers he personally directed the 19 hijackers, and describes his motivation:

According to the BBC, Yemeni media say the embassy closures come after " six trucks full of weapons and explosives entered the capital, and the security forces lost track of the vehicles.

According to Yemeni government officials, a US airstrike on 14 October 2011 killed seven AQAP militants, including Egyptian-born Ibrahim al-Bana, AQAP's media chief.

According to its homepage, " Indymedia is a collective of independent media organizations and hundreds of journalists offering grassroots, non-corporate coverage.

According to the media, encouraged by tougher anti-yakuza laws and legislation, local governments and construction companies have begun to shun or ban yakuza activities or involvement in their communities or construction projects.

According to Shatner, early Star Trek reviews called his performance " wooden ", with most of the show's acting praise and media interest going to Nimoy.

According to the Dongponews, an online media that connects migrants and immigrants of Korea, the number of foreigners residing in Korea have reached 1. 43 million by 2012, and is likely to increase more and more, reaching to the scale that cannot be undermined.

According to media reports on Sept. 26, 2012, the Holy See, has received a file on beatification for Moro.

According to Shatner, much of Star Treks acting praise and media interest went to Nimoy.

According to Johnson, the campaign against Falun Gong extends to many aspects of society, including the media apparatus, police force, military, education system, and workplaces.

According to Zhao, through The Epoch Times it can be discerned how Falun Gong is building a " de facto media alliance " with China's democracy movements in exile, as demonstrated by its frequent printing of articles by prominent overseas Chinese critics of the PRC government.

According to Susan McClary ( 2000, p. 1285 ) the discipline of " music lags behind the other arts ; it picks up ideas from other media just when they have become outmoded.

According to a June 2008 poll from a Taiwanese mainstream media TVBS, 58 % of people living in Taiwan favor maintaining the status quo, 19 % favors independence, and 8 % favors unification.

According to a December 2009 poll from a Taiwanese mainstream media TVBS, if status quo is not an option and the ones who were surveyed must choose between " Independence " or " Unification ", 68 % are in favor of independence while 13 % would opt for unification.

" According to Mulvany, Viking metal draws heavily on sea shanties and media images of pirates and Vikings, and can be split into two types.

According to chairman Étienne Davignon, a major attraction of Bilderberg group meetings is that they provide an opportunity for participants to speak and debate candidly and to find out what major figures really think, without the risk of off-the-cuff comments becoming fodder for controversy in the media.