According to Human Rights Watch, numerous Iranian agents were assisting the Shia Hezb-i Wahdat forces of Abdul Ali Mazari, as Iran was attempting to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence.

According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religion in the Safavid Empire in 1501.

According to Ellenblum's interpretation the inhabitants of the Kingdom ( Latin Christians living alongside native Greek and Syrian Christians, Shia and Sunni Arabs, Sufis, Bedouin, Turks, Druze, Jews, and Samaritans ) all had major differences between each other as well as with the crusaders.

According to Imad ad-Din, Nur ad-Din wrote to Saladin in June 1171, telling him to reestablish the Abbasid caliphate in Egypt, which Saladin coordinated two months later after additional encouragement by Najm ad-Din al-Khabushani, the Shafi ' i faqih, who vehemently opposed Shia rule in the country.

According to Human Rights Watch, Iran assisted the Shia Hazara Hezb-i Wahdat forces of Abdul Ali Mazari, as Iran attempted to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence.

According to historian Juan Cole it was under Sunni rule that Twelver Shiaism became established in Bahrain, as Shia Bahrainis gradually moved away from the radical, egalitarian Ismaili Qarmatian sect to the more quietist Twelver or Imami branch, a process which the Sunni rulers encouraged.

According to Heritage Online, nearly 65 % of the total seminaries ( Madrasah ) in Pakistan are run by Deobandis, 25 % by the Barelvis, 6 % by the Ahle Hadith and 3 % by various Shia organizations.

According to Shia theologians, the attributes and names of God have no independent and hypostatic existence apart from the being and essence of God.

According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religion in the Safavid Empire in 1501.

According to scholar Vali Nasr, political tendencies of Sunni and Shia Islamic revival differ, with Sunni fundamentalism " in Pakistan and much of the Arab world " being " far from politically revolutionary ", while Shia fundamentalism is strongly influenced by Ruhollah Khomeini and his talk of the oppression of the poor and class war.

According to the Shia, Hasan was supposed to be the successor to Ali after Muhammad.

According to the Shia, Husayn had gained the third Imam for a period of ten years after the death of his brother Hassan in 669.

According to Shia scholars, Husayn was also visited by a supporter with two of his sons from Basra, where Shia sentiment was limited.

According to Hadith which is narrated by Shia and Sufis, Muhammad told about him " I'm the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate ..." Muslims regard Ali as a major authority on Islam.

; According to Henry Corbin, the Nahj al-Balagha may be regarded as one of the most important sources of doctrines professed by Shia thinkers especially after 1500AD.

According to Shia and Sunni sources, Muhammad, upon the birth of his grandson in 3 AH, was ordered by the archangel Gabriel to name him Hasan-a name not used in the pre-Islamic period.

According to Shia scholars Hasan stipulated that the caliphate should be returned to him if he was still alive after Muawiyah's death, otherwise it should be given to his younger brother.

According to Persian Shia historians, Marwan ibn al-Hakam, the personal secretary to the third caliph Uthman ibn Affan who had fought against Ali during the Battle of Bassorah, was now the governor of Medina.

According to both the Nizari and Mustaali Shia sects, he is the sixth Imam.

According to Shia ' beliefs the Imam was both the spiritual and political head of the community.

( Despite common belief, he did not take a day from February ; see the debunked theory on month lengths ) According to a Senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt.

According to Tylor, animism often includes " an idea of pervading life and will in nature "; i. e., a belief that natural objects other than humans have souls.

According to Malay culture, amok was rooted in a deep spiritual belief.

According to the subjectivist view, probability quantifies a " personal belief ".

According to Mintz, conspiracism denotes " belief in the primacy of conspiracies in the unfolding of history ":" Conspiracism serves the needs of diverse political and social groups in America and elsewhere.

According to Catholic theologian Karl Rahner, the purpose of modern Christology is to formulate the Christian belief that " God became man and that God-made-man is the individual Jesus Christ " in a manner that this statement can be understood consistently, without the confusions of past debates and mythologies.

According to Christian theologian Alister McGrath, the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the addition of the belief that Jesus was the messiah, with Isaiah 49: 6, " an explicit parallel to 42: 6 " quoted by Paul in Acts 13: 47 and reinterpreted by Justin the Martyr.

According to a popular West Indian belief, Dominica is the only New World territory that Columbus would still recognize.

According to the theory that knowledge is justified true belief, in order to know that a given proposition is true, one must not only believe the relevant true proposition, but one must also have a good reason for doing so.

According to reliabilism, a belief is justified ( or otherwise supported in such a way as to count towards knowledge ) only if it is produced by processes that typically yield a sufficiently high ratio of true to false beliefs.

According to Shinto belief, Jimmu is regarded as a direct descendant of the sun goddess, Amaterasu.

According to Coppola, the studio's objection stemmed from the belief that audiences would be reluctant to see a film with such a title, as the audience would supposedly believe that, having already seen The Godfather, there was little reason to see an addition to the original story.

According to Amnesty, in certain societies women who have not had the procedure are regarded as too unclean to handle food and water, and there is a belief that a woman's genitals might continue to grow without FGM, until they dangle between her legs.

According to South American mythology the belief of the Brazilian Indians, who live alongside the Parima River in Brazil, claim that their forefathers emerged in ancient times from an underground land, and that many of their ancestors still remained inside the earth.

According to Hezbollah's Deputy-General, Na ' im Qasim, the struggle against Israel is a core belief of Hezbollah and the central rationale of Hezbollah's existence.

According to Strauss, historicism " rejects political philosophy " and is rooted in the belief that " all human thought, including scientific thought, rests on premises which cannot be validated by human reason and which came from historical epoch to historical epoch.

According to A & E Biography, there is also a belief among some Russians that Stalin himself murdered his wife after the quarrel, which apparently took place at a dinner in which Stalin tauntingly flicked cigarettes across the table at her.

According to William Scoresby ( 1820: p. 154 ), referring to the mistaken belief that the Dutch had discovered the island in 1611, Hull whalers discovered the island " about the same time " and named it " Trinity Island ".

According to Frazer, man begins with an unfounded belief in impersonal magical laws.

According to Western Christian belief, matzah was the bread used by Jesus in the Last Supper as there he was celebrating Passover ; Communion wafers used by Roman Catholics ( as well as in some Protestant traditions ) for the Eucharist are flat.

According to Phillips, the question of whether or not God exists cannot be " objectively " answered by philosophy because the categories of truth and falsity, which are necessary for asking the question, have no application in the religious contexts wherein religious belief has its sense and meaning.

Pale, dirty, with drugged eyes, vulgar, repulsive ..." According to Cornwell, a worrying impression of stereotypical anti-Semitic contempt is discernible in the ' catalogue of epithets describing their physical and moral repulsiveness ' and Pacelli's " constant harping on the Jewishness of this party of power usurpers " chimed with the " growing and widespread belief among Germans that the Jews were the instigators of the Bolshevik revolution, their principal aim being the destruction of Christian civilization ".

" According to this belief, these purposes were explained and discussed in " councils in heaven ," followed by the War in Heaven where Satan rebelled against the plan of Heavenly Father.

* 2007: According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, " Myth: " 1 a: a usually traditional story of ostensibly historical events that serves to unfold part of the world view of a people or explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon.

" According to the latter, skepticism is treated as a problem to be solved, or challenge to be met, or threat to be parried ; skepticism's value on this view, insofar as it is deemed to have one, accrues from its role as a foil contrastively illuminating what is required for knowledge and justified belief.