According to several Western historians, Stalinist agricultural policies were a key factor in causing the Soviet famine of 1932 – 1933, which the Ukrainian government now calls the Holodomor, recognizing it as an act of genocide.

According to the latest Romanian Census ( 2002 ), Moldovan Census ( 2004 ) and Ukrainian Census ( 2001 ) data, the region has a total population of approximately 9, 700, 000 inhabitants, 48 % of them living in Romania, 36 % in Moldova and 16 % in Ukraine, distributed among the ethnic groups as follows:

According to this view, Old East Slavic diverged into Belarusian and Ukrainian to the west ( collectively, the Ruthenian language of the 15th to 18th centuries ), and Old Russian to the north-east, after the political boundaries of Kievan Rus ' were redrawn in the 14th century.

According to the agreements of the Yalta Conference, Lviv was integrated into the Ukrainian SSR, most of the Poles living in Lviv were transferred into Polish Recovered Territories and the city became the main centre of the western part of Soviet Ukraine, inhabited predominantly by Ukrainians with significant Russian minority.

According to the Ukrainian National Census, 2001, the ethnic groups of Sevastopol include Russians ( 71. 6 %), Ukrainians ( 22. 4 %), Belarusians ( 1. 6 %), Tatars ( 0. 7 %), Crimean Tatars ( 0. 5 %), Armenians ( 0. 3 %), Jews ( 0. 3 %), Moldovans ( 0. 2 %), and Azerbaijanis ( 0. 2 %).

According to Ukrainian law, anyone who was a citizen of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic who was residing in Ukraine at the time of its declaration of independence and any stateless person living on the territory of Ukraine at the moment of its declaration of independence was granted citizenship.

According to the Russian history the Ukrainian forces, under the command of Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa, had been in discussions with Charles for some time, and at this point he, Mazepa, officially allied himself to the Swedes in order to gain independence from Russia.

According to another opinion, it is a Ukrainian diminutive, or endearing form of the word tachka (, meaning ' wheelbarrow ').

According to official data from those two censuses, the Romanian population had decreased by 75, 752 people, and the Jewish population by 46, 632, while the Ukrainian and Russian populations increased by 135, 161 and 4, 322 people, respectively.

According to historian Martin Gilbert's Atlas of Jewish History, no province in the Pale had less than 14 % of Jews on relief ; Lithuanian and Ukrainian Jews supported as much as 22 % of their poor populations.

According to political scientist Bohdan Krawchenko, the Soviet policy of urbanisation and russification actually strengthened Ukrainian national identity.

According to the Austrian census of 1830, the city was home to 7, 538 people of whom 1, 508 ( 20 %) were members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, a significantly larger number of Ukrainians than in most Galician cities.

According to several political parties in Ukraine such as the Ukrainian People's Party Schwartzbard is considered as a Soviet spy ( NKVD ).

According to a Jewish former member of the Ukrainian government's cabinet, Solomon Goldelman, Petliura was afraid to punish officers or soldiers engaged in crimes against Jews for fear of losing their support.

According to those few who survived, the action had been carefully prepared ; a few days before the massacres there had been several meetings in Ukrainian villages, during which UPA members told the villagers that the slaughter of all Poles was necessary.

According to IPN investigation, the crime was committed by the 4th battalion of the Ukrainian 14th SS Division supported by UPA unit and local Ukrainian inhabitants.

According to Yale historian Timothy Snyder, the Ukrainian 14th SS Galician Division's role in the ethnic cleansing of Poles from western Ukraine was marginal.

According to Ivan Katchanovski, " the lower bound of these estimates is more reliable than higher estimates which are based on an assumption that the Polish population in the region was several times less likely to perish as a result of Nazi genocidal policies compared to other regions of Poland and compared to the Ukrainian population of Volhynia.

According to Grzegorz Motyka, the number of Ukrainian victims is between 2, 000-3, 000 in Volhynia and between 10, 000-15, 000 in all territories covered by the conflict.

According to Gregorz Motyka, author of a fundamental monograph about the UPA, estimations of 30, 000 Ukrainian casualties are unsupported.

According to Timothy Snyder, the ethnic cleansing of the Poles was exclusively the work of the extreme Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, rather than the Melnyk faction of that organization or other Ukrainian political or religious organizations.

According to the 1977 constitution of the Republic of Afghanistan ( 1973 – 78 ), all Afghans are equal in rights and obligations before the law.

According to Article 91 of the constitution, the CDN is " the consultative body of the president of the republic in matters related to national sovereignty and the defense of the democratic state.

According to Article 89 of the constitution, the Council of the Republic has authority to make declarations of federal intervention, a state of emergency, and a state of siege ( all security-related issues ).

According to results released in January 2006, the constitution was approved by 84 % of voters.

According to the constitution, the President of the National Assembly was to assume the Presidency of the Republic in the event of a vacancy, and a new presidential election was to be held within 60 days.

According to the constitution, direct elections must be held for the parliament every 4 years.

According to the constitution, executive power is exercised by the government while legislative power is vested in the ministerial cabinet, the Senate and the National Assembly, although in reality these two latter bodies have very little power or legislative role.

According to Hippocrates, melancholia was caused by an excess of black bile, hence the name, which means ' black bile ', from Ancient Greek μέλας ( melas ), " dark, black ", + χολή ( kholé ), " bile "; a person whose constitution tended to have a preponderance of black bile had a melancholic disposition.

According to the constitution, the legislative Supreme People's Assembly ( SPA ) is the highest organ of state power.

According to the constitution, North Korea is a Democratic Republic and the Supreme People's Assembly and provincial People's Assemblies are elected by direct universal suffrage and secret ballot.

According to the constitution, the King's declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the lower house of the Parliament.

According to professor A. V. Dicey in An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, the essential features of a federal constitution are: a ) A written supreme constitution in order to prevent disputes between the jurisdictions of the Federal and State authorities ; b ) A distribution of power between the Federal and State governments and c ) A Supreme Court vested with the power to interpret the Constitution and enforce the law of the land remaining independent of both the executive and legislative branches.

According to the constitution, it is incumbent upon the King: to sanction and promulgate laws ; to summon and dissolve the Cortes Generales ( the Parliament ) and to call elections ; to call a referendum under the circumstances provided in the constitution ; to propose a candidate for prime minister, and to appoint or remove him from office, as well as other ministers ; to issue the decrees agreed upon by the Council of Ministers ; to confer civil and military positions, and to award honors and distinctions ; to be informed of the affairs of the State, presiding over the meetings of the Council of Ministers whenever opportune ; to exercise supreme command of the Spanish Armed Forces, to exercise the right to grant pardons, in accordance to the law ; and to exercise the High Patronage of the Royal Academies.

According to the new 2005 constitution, the bicameral National Legislature is the official Sudanese parliament, and is divided between two chambers ; the National Assembly, a lower house with 450 seats, and the Council of States, an upper house with 50 seats.

According to article 11 of the constitution of Iceland the president is not accountable and cannot be prosecuted without parliament's consent.

According to the constitution, the three major independent authorities holding the balance of power are executive, legislative, and judicial.

According to the uncodified constitution of the United Kingdom, the monarch has the following powers:

According to the constitution of 1809, only " native Swedish men " could be appointed to higher civil servant positions, including professorships.

According to its constitution, the Universal House of Justice itself states that " The provenance, the authority, the duties, the sphere of action of the Universal House of Justice all derive from the revealed Word of Bahá ' u ' lláh which, together with the interpretations and expositions of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá and of Shoghi Effendi ... constitute the binding terms of reference of the Universal House of Justice and are its bedrock foundation.

According to Maistre, only governments founded upon a Christian constitution, implicit in the customs and institutions of all European societies but especially in Catholic European monarchies, could avoid the disorder and bloodshed that followed the implementation of rationalist political programs, as in the French Revolution.

According to the constitution of Cyprus Nicosia Municipality was divided into a Greek and Turkish sector with two Mayors: a representative of the Greek community which was the majority, and a second one representing the Turkish community.

According to Frankfurt Document No 1, the constitution should specify a central Power of German government, but nevertheless respect the administration of the Länder and it should contain provisions and guarantees of individual freedom and individual rights of the German people in respect to their government.