According to the American Psychological Association ( APA ), there are numerous theories about the origins of a person's sexual orientation, but some believe that " sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors ," and that genetic factors play a " significant role " in determining a person's sexuality.

According to Christopher Lipinski and Andrew Hopkins, " Whether the aim is to discover drugs or to gain knowledge of biological systems, the nature and properties of a chemical tool cannot be considered independently of the system it is to be tested in.

According to a International Committee of the Red Cross review of the Biological Weapons Convention, " Toxins are poisonous products of organisms ; unlike biological agents, they are inanimate and not capable of reproducing themselves.

According to a 1996 statement from the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, although heredity influences behavior in individuals, it does not affect the ability of a population to function in any social setting, all peoples " possess equal biological ability to assimilate any human culture " and " racist political doctrines find no foundation in scientific knowledge concerning modern or past human populations.

According to estimates, as a result of desertification processes and pollution, biological productivity of the ecological systems in Turkmenistan has declined by 30 % to 50 % in recent decades.

According to anthropologist Maurice Godelier, one critical novelty in human society, in contrast to humanity's closest biological relatives ( chimpanzees and bonobo ), is the parental role assumed by the males, which supposedly would be absent in our nearest relatives for whom paternity is not generally determinable.

According to Durkheim, these phenomena cannot be reduced to biological or psychological grounds.

According to the pianist ’ s son Dave Guaraldi, Vince was adopted by Tony Guaraldi, after Vince ’ s mother, Cannella Guaraldi, née Marcellino, split with his biological father, Vince Delaio ( sp ?).

According to Caroline, Anouilh had learned his mother had had a lover at the theatre in Arcachon who was actually his biological father.

According to the organisers of a recent Hrabal exhibition in Brno, his biological father was “ probably ” Bohumil Blecha ( b. 1893-d, 1970 ), who was a year older than Marie, a friend from the neighbourhood and the son of a teacher.

According to him, war, with the express purpose of achieving Lebensraum, was a distinct " biological necessity.

According to the anthropologist Maurice Godelier, the parental role assumed by human males is a critical difference between human society and that of humans ' closest biological relatives — chimpanzees and bonobos — who appear to be unaware of their " father " connection.

According to the Land Conservation Council Rivers & Streams Special Investigation 1990, " It is an important example of the large-scale biological systems that were once widespread in south-eastern Australia.

According to Gold and the Soviet geologists who originated the abiogenic theory, bacteria feeding on the oil accounts for the presence of biological debris in hydrocarbon fuels, obviating the need to resort to a biogenic theory for the origin of the latter.

According to an article published in The Economist, the work of Cavalli-Sforza " challenges the assumption that there are significant genetic differences between human races, and indeed, the idea that ' race ' has any useful biological meaning at all ".

" According to an unnamed Pentagon source quoted by Hersh, the OSP " was created in order to find evidence of what Wolfowitz and his boss, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, believed to be true — that Saddam Hussein had close ties to Al Qaeda, and that Iraq had an enormous arsenal of chemical, biological, and possibly even nuclear weapons that threatened the region and, potentially, the United States.

According to Department of Defense personnel with whom Arkin spoke, Central Command chief Anthony Zinni insisted that the U. S. only attack biological and chemical sites that " had been identified with a high degree of certainty.

According to Londen, official adoption documents in the National Archive in Helsinki prove that Ior's biological mother was a 23 years old gardening instructor in Porvoo.

According to the USDA National Organic Standards Board ( NOSB ), organic agriculture is defined as " an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity.

According to Gilmartin, love-shyness is, like most human psychological characteristics, the result of some combination of biological factors ( genetic / developmental ) and environmental factors ( experiences of child abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), cultural, familial, religious, etc .).

According to Asher, " TPR is based on the premise that the human brain has a biological program for acquiring any natural language on earth-including the sign language of the deaf ".

According to Evola, the hierarchy of races is really a hierarchy of embodied spiritualities ; the spirit, rather than ethnic substance, determines culture ; but at the same time race is the biological " memory " of a certain spiritual orientation.

According to Lunev, a probable scenario in the event of war would be poisoning of Potomac River with chemical or biological weapons, " targeting the residents of Washington DC " He also noted that it is " likely " that GRU operatives have placed already " poison supplies near the tributaries to major US reservoirs.

According to Ferdinand Bohlmann, the first naturally occurring acetylenic compound, dehydromatricaria ester, was isolated from an Artemisia species in 1826.

According to United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization the term bean should include only species of Phaseolus ; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as Vigna ( angularis ( azuki bean ), mungo ( black gram ), radiata ( mung bean ), aconitifolia ( moth bean )) were classified as Phaseolus and later reclassified.

According to the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 209 species of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and plants are endangered.

According to some versions of functionalism, even non-human systems, such as other animal species, alien life forms, or advanced computers can, in principle, have mental states.

According to Mike Dash, a Welsh historian, few scientists doubt there are thousands of unknown animals, particularly invertebrates, awaiting discovery ; however, cryptozoologists are largely uninterested in researching and cataloging newly-discovered species of ants or beetles, instead focusing their efforts towards " more elusive " creatures that have often defied decades of work aimed at confirming their existence.

According to Emile Benveniste ( 1954 ), the earliest written occurrence in English of civilisation in its modern sense may be found in Adam Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society ( Edinburgh, 1767 – p. 2 ): " Not only the individual advances from infancy to manhood, but the species itself from rudeness to civilisation.

According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as camouflage evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage, enabling them to leave more offspring, on average, than other members of the same species.

According to Gause ’ s " competitive exclusion principle " no two species with identical ecological requirements can coexist in a stable environment.

According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, up to 140, 000 species per year may be the present rate of extinction.

According to Agassiz genera and species were ideas in the mind of God, their existence in God ’ s mind prior to their physical creation meant that God could create human as one species yet in several distinct and geographically separate acts of creation.

According to Agassiz there is one species of humans but many different creations of races.

According to Agassiz ’ s theory of polygenism animals, plants and humans were all created in “ special provinces ” each having distinct populations of species created in and for that province.

According to Agassiz ’ s theory of polygenism all species are fixed, including all the races of humans and species do not evolve into other species.

According to these new rules, " mineral species can be grouped in a number of different ways, on the basis of chemistry, crystal structure, occurrence, association, genetic history, or resource, for example, depending on the purpose to be served by the classification.

According to the Activision game Star Trek: Bridge Commander, the Cardassian race evolved from a species known as Mek ' hammut, loosely translated as " sand crawlers ".

According to Wolpoff, populations of Homo evolved together as a single species.

According to FishBase, 32, 200 species of fish had been described by March 2012.

According to more recent study, 82 species of Peripatidae and 115 species of Peripatopsidae have been described thus far.