The date of the introduction of crossbows, however, can be dated further back: According to the inventor Hero of Alexandria ( fl.

According to Carl Benjamin Boyer, in the introduction to his The History of the Calculus and its Conceptual Development, concepts in calculus do not refer to perceptions.

The introduction of crossbows however, can be dated further back: According to the inventor Hero of Alexandria ( fl.

According to his introduction: " Scrooge being my favorite character in comic history and Barks my favourite pure cartoonist, I'll try not to get carried away too much.

According to his own introduction, he only had three days to review what Cassiodorus had written, meaning that he must also have relied on his own knowledge.

According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religion in the Safavid Empire in 1501.

( According to the prose introduction to the poem Tyr is now one-handed from having his arm bitten off by Loki's son Fenrir while Fenrir was bound.

According to the introduction of The Book of Five Rings, Musashi states that his first successful duel was at the age of thirteen, against a samurai named Arima Kihei who fought using the Kashima Shintō-ryū style, founded by Tsukahara Bokuden ( b. 1489, d. 1571 ).

According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900.

According to the theory of the Deuteronomistic history proposed by Martin Noth and widely accepted, Deuteronomy was a product of the court of Josiah ( late 7th century ) before being used as the introduction to a comprehensive history of Israel written in the early part of the 6th century ; later still it was detached from the history and used to round off the Pentateuch.

According to historian and Herald for Wales, Major Francis Jones, 1908 – 1993, the introduction of the recipe can be attributed to Captain Henry Lewis Edwardes 1788 – 1866.

According to Debra J. Rosenthal in an introduction to a collection of critical appraisals for the Routledge Literary Sourcebook on Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, overall reactions have been mixed with some critics praising the novel for affirming the humanity of the African American characters and for the risks Stowe assumed in taking a very public stand against slavery before abolitionism had become a socially acceptable cause, and others criticizing the very limited terms upon which those characters ' humanity was affirmed and the artistic shortcomings of political melodrama.

According to another theory, it is believed that the pointed arch evolved naturally in Western Europe as a structural solution to a purely technical problem, concurrent with its introduction and early use as a stylistic feature in French and English churches.

According to the first book's introduction Allen devised the New Laws in discussion with Asimov himself.

According to Ann's introduction to the novel Green Darkness, Grace was a practicing Theosophist.

According to Raymond Brown's introduction of his edition Epistle of John, the source of the Comma Johanneum, a brief interpolation in the First Epistle of John, known since the fourth century, appears to be the Latin Liber Apologeticus by Priscillian.

According to Jose Barchilon's introduction to Madness and Civilization,

According to Royall Tyler's introduction to his English translation of the work, recent computer analysis has turned up " statistically significant " discrepancies of style between chapters 45 – 54 and the rest, and also among the early chapters.

According to Aaron Marc Stein in his introduction to the 1977 edition, published by University Extension of UCSD: " At the risk of bringing down on his memory the wrath of the Baker Street Irregulars it must be recorded that Bentley had reservations about even the Conan Doyle originals.

According to Buffy creator Joss Whedon, the introduction of Dawn in Season Five was partly so protagonist Buffy Summers could experience a " really important, intense emotional relationship " with someone other than a boyfriend.

According to Robert Osborne of the television network Turner Classic Movies in the introduction to the film's airing on its weekly segment " The Essentials ," Tracy, weighted down by his growing alcoholism, refused to give MGM an answer.

According to food writer Karen Hursh Graber, the initial introduction of rice to Spain from North Africa in the 14th century led to the Spanish introduction of rice to Mexico at the port of Veracruz in the 1520s.

According to Joseph P. Schultz, modern scholarship " considers the Maccabean revolt less as an uprising against foreign oppression than as a civil war between the orthodox and reformist parties in the Jewish camp ", while John J. Collins writes that while the civil war between Jewish leaders led to the king's new policies, it is wrong to see the revolt as simply a conflict between Hellenism and Judaism, since " The revolt was not provoked by the introduction of Greek customs ( typified by the building of a gymnasium ) but by the persecution of people who observed the Torah by having their children circumcised and refusing to eat pork.

* According to the Rules ( A short introduction from cut-the-knot )

According to Richard Jeffrey, " Before the middle of the seventeenth century, the term ' probable ' ( Latin probabilis ) meant approvable, and was applied in that sense, univocally, to opinion and to action.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary the term " humpty dumpty " referred to a drink of brandy boiled with ale in the seventeenth century.

According to art historian Andreas Beyer, it " offered a prelude of a genre that would only truly gain acceptance in Dutch painting of the seventeenth century ".

According to Wölfflin, painters of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries ( Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael or Albrecht Dürer ) are more linear than " painterly " Baroque painters of the seventeenth century ( Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, and Velázquez ) because they primarily use outline to create shape.

According to Walter Scott the song is based on a real incident that took place in the seventeenth century, although some modern scholars are sceptical about this story as one of the origins of the song.

According to the Nabonidus Chronicle, Nabonidus was back from Temâ by his seventeenth year and celebrated the New Year's Festival ( Akk.

According to Jeremy Butterfield, " The first person we know of who made usage refer to language was Daniel Defoe, at the end of the seventeenth century ".

According to Frank Hubbard, harpsichords and organs of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries " almost always " had short octaves.

According to a seventeenth century account, he arrived at the University of Paris on 5 June 1221, but whether as an arts student or as a licentiate ( one having a Master of Arts degree from another university and thus qualified to teach ) is unclear.

According to the school rules developed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such as Meletius Smotrytsky's grammar book, it was intended for use in words loaned from Greek — but it was occasionally used for writing native words, for example Ukrainian ѱы ( psy, “ dogs ”).

According to him, the main difference between the 18th century Italian tenor ( no longer so deep a baritenor, or " tenor-bass ", as the seventeenth century one ) and the French haute-contre, was that the former would use falsetto ( and not falsettone, which Potter never explicitly mentions ) above G₄, whereas the latter would go up to B flat in full voice or, to be more exact, in a " mixed head and chest voice, and not the full chest voice that Italian tenors would develop later " which is consistent with Celletti and the editor of Grande Enciclopedia ’ s terminology, in falsettone ).

According to tradition, the site contained one of Tsongkhapa ’ s ( 1357 – 1419 ) meditation huts and Sgrub khang dge legs rgya mtsho ( 1641 – 1713 ) was reputed to have meditated here at end of the seventeenth or early eighteenth century.

According to the author of his biography in the Eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica: " Ambrose is interesting as typical of the new humanism which was growing up within the church.

According to Del Mar, this edition corrects nearly 3000 mistakes in the Breitkopf edition, some of which were remarkable.

According to current thinking, a first draft ( the Yahwist ) was probably written in the 6th century BCE during the Babylonian exile ; this was supplemented and completed as a post-Exilic final edition ( the Priestly source ) at the very end of the 6th century or during the 5th century, and further adjustments and minor revisions continued down to the end of the 4th century.

According to a statement of proceedings published elsewhere in the same edition of the BMJ, the report was officially ‘ approved at last week ’ s Council meeting of the British Medical Association .’ ( BMA Council Proceedings, BMJ, April 23, 1955: 1019 ).

According to the 2001 edition of the National Jewish Population Survey, in the United States ' Jewish community — the world's second largest — 4. 3 million Jews out of 5. 1 million had some sort of connection to the religion.

According to a new edition of Severn's letters and memoirs, Severn fathered an illegitimate child named Henry ( b. 31 Aug 1819 ) about a year before leaving England for Italy.

According to the Encyclopedia of Social Work ( 19th edition ), the news media play an influential role in the general public's perception of cults.

According to the 1999 edition of Religion and Politics In America Unification Church followers were known " universally " by the term.

According to the publishers, it would take a single person 120 years to " key in " text to convert it to machine readable form which consists a total of 59 million words of the OED second edition, 60 years to proofread it, and 540 megabytes to store it electronically.

According to the 1885 edition of The American Printer, the importance of punctuation was noted in various sayings by children such as:

According Steve White, during the Putin presidency Russia made clear that it had no intention of establishing a " second edition " of the American or British political system, but rather a system that was closer to Russia's own traditions and circumstances.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first figurative use of the term appeared in the 1902 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica relating to an entry on the chemical analysis of glucose.

According to the American writer Kevin Self, in the 1920s a German committee member of the International Electrotechnical Commission proposed giga-as a prefix for 10 < sup > 9 </ sup >, drawing on a verse by the humorous poet Christian Morgenstern that appeared in the third ( 1908 ) edition of Galgenlieder ( Gallows Songs ).

According to the revised fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV-TR ), to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, three diagnostic criteria must be met:

According to the Saintly Bible website, every Saint book published between 1928 and 1983 saw the first edition issued by Hodder and Stoughton in the UK ( a company that originally published only religious books ) and The Crime Club ( an imprint of Doubleday that specialized in mystery and detective fiction ) in the United States.

According to his nephew's Memoir the first edition was prepared by Bowdler's sister, Harriet, but both were published under Thomas Bowdler's name, probably because a woman could not then publicly admit that she understood Shakespeare's racy passages.

According to Anthony Cronin, " always possessed a Bible, at the end more than one edition, and Bible concordances were always among the reference books on his shelves.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary ( second edition 1989 ), valerian is derived from a Latin adjectival form of the personal name Valerius.

According to a later edition of the Enconium, the English took the initiative in communicating with Harthacnut in 1039, possibly when it was known that Harold had not long to live.

According to the jacket bio for the first edition of his scriptwriting text ( see Print below ), Straczynski had a play produced when he was 17, a sitcom produced when he was 21, and sold his first movie script when he was 24.

According to the featurettes Pacino, DeNiro and the Conversation and The Making of Heat: True Crime, included in the special edition DVD, which includes a taped interview with Adamson, the scene of McCauley and Hanna in the restaurant was also based on a real life event.

* Poke's edition of Creasy's 15 Most Important Battles Ever Fought According to Edward Shepherd Creasy Chapter VII.

According to the Dictionary of the Fungi ( 10th edition, 2008 ), the order consists of 12 families, 80 genera, and 1767 species.

According to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary ( third edition 1933 ) the term sidewalk was still in occasional use in the UK and pavement was also used for: ' a piece of paved work '; ' the superficial covering of a floor, yard, street etc.