According to Arab tradition, the ensuing war pushed Ghana over the edge, ending the kingdom's position as a commercial and military power by 1100, as it collapsed into tribal groups and chieftaincies, some of which later assimilated into the Almoravids while others founded the Mali Empire.

According to encyclopaedia Iranica, AFGHAN ( afḡān ) in current political usage means any citizen of Afghanistan, whatever their ethnic, tribal, or religious affiliation is.

According to this view, the story of Jacob's visit to Laban to obtain a wife originated as a metaphor for this migration, with the property and family which were gained from Laban representing the gains of the Joseph tribes by the time they returned from Egypt ; according to textual scholars, the Jahwist version of the Laban narrative only mentions the Joseph tribes, and Rachel, and does not mention the other tribal matriarchs whatsoever.

According to Joseph Stalin writing in 1913 in Marxism and the National Question: " a nation is not a racial or tribal, but a historically constituted community of people ;" " a nation is not a casual or ephemeral conglomeration, but a stable community of people "; " a common language is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " a nation is formed only as a result of lengthy and systematic intercourse, as a result of people living together generation after generation "; " a common territory is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " a common economic life, economic cohesion, is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " a common psychological make-up, which manifests itself in a common culture, is one of the characteristic features of a nation "; " A nation is a historically constituted, stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

According to Encyclopædia Britannica estimates ( as of 2005 ), adherents of Chinese folk religion account for some 6. 3 % of world population, and adherents of tribal religions (" ethnoreligionists ") for another 4. 0 %.

According to Jan Michiel Otto, Professor of Law and Governance in Developing Countries at Leiden University, " Anthropological research shows that people in local communities often do not distinguish clearly whether and to what extent their norms and practices are based on local tradition, tribal custom, or religion.

According to William Rubinstein, "... of these 10 million estimated dead blacks, possibly 6 million were killed by other blacks in African tribal wars and raiding parties aimed at securing slaves for transport to America.

According to the Oxford Dictionary of English, the etymology of the word can be traced back to the Old English word hlāford which originated from hlāfweard meaning ' bread keeper ' or ' loaf-ward ', reflecting the Germanic tribal custom of a chieftain providing food for his followers.

* According to Aboriginal tribal songs, the Bunarong Tribe lived and hunted on French Island, until they were massacred by a warring Gippsland tribe.

' According to tribal elders and Cherokee County elders, this legend first began to circulate in the 1930s.

According to historian Colin Calloway, " scholars disagree on whether the proclamation recognized or undermined tribal sovereignty ".

According to Marcion, the god of the Old Testament, whom he called the Demiurge, the creator of the material universe, is a jealous tribal deity of the Jews, whose law represents legalistic reciprocal justice and who punishes mankind for its sins through suffering and death.

According to tribal traditions of absorbing war captives and all children of tribal women in the matrilineal system, if residents identified as Cree or Chippewa, they were counted as Native American, regardless of whether they had other ancestry.

According to the historical record available today, it is believed that several instruments originated within the tribal groups that once inhabited the island presently known as Sri Lanka.

According to the medieval chronicle Gesta Hungarorum, one of the Magyar tribal chieftains, Ketel established his domain near the mouth of the Váh river, his son Alaptolma later built a castle there and named it Komárom.

According to the census of 1991, the population was 974, 447, of which 501, 114 were tribal peoples and the rest were from different communities.

According to the archeologist Andrei Leontiev, who is specialized in the history of the region, the Rostov land until the 10th century was already under control of Rostov city while Sarskoye Gorodishche was a tribal center of native Merya people.

According to Slovak historian Richard Marsina, it is not very probable that the center of Samo's tribal union was in the territory of present-day Slovakia.

According to Diana Akers Rhoads, " Perhaps the most important mistake of the British is their belief that all civilization progresses, as theirs has, from the tribal stage through monarchy to parliamentary government.

According to this view, the story of Jacob's visit to Laban to obtain a wife originated as a metaphor for this migration, with the property and family which were gained from Laban representing the gains of the Joseph tribes by the time they returned from Egypt ; according to textual scholars, the Jahwist version of the Laban narrative only mentions the Joseph tribes, and Rachel, and doesn't mention the other tribal matriarchs whatsoever.

According to Judge Kennedy the doctrine of tribal sovereignty was not " analytically helpful " in resolving this issue.

Professor Philip Frickey describes Oliphant, along with the subsequent decisions limiting tribal jurisdiction over non-Indians, as rooted in a “ normatively unattractive judicial colonial impulse ,” while Professor Robert Williams condemns the decision as " legal auto-genocide " According to Dr. Bruce Duthu, the case showed " that the project of imperialism is alive and well in Indian Country and that courts can now get into the action.

According to the Kenite hypothesis, Yahweh was originally the tribal god of Jethro, borrowed and adapted by the Hebrews.

According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy.

According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move.

According to a controversial tradition reported by several medieval sources, Narses, out of spite for having been removed by Justinian's successor Justin II, called the Lombards to Italy.

According to Sunni tradition the following verses of the Qur ' an were revealed due to this:

According to these statements, claims that one or more denominations might be the " true Church " are nothing more than propaganda which has evolved over centuries to support authoritarian claims --- based on tradition or based on scripture --- of merely human institutions.

According to tradition, Paul ordained Titus bishop of Gortyn in Crete.

According to the Jain tradition either lacto vegetarianism or veganism is mandatory.

Meteorologists ( and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere ) use a definition based on months, with autumn being September, October and November in the northern hemisphere, According to United States tradition, autumn runs from the day after Labor Day ( i. e. the Tuesday following the first Monday of September ) through Thanksgiving ( i. e. the fourth Thursday in November ), after which the holiday season that demarcates the unofficial beginning of winter begins.

According to family tradition, the family had included one of the most prolific Rococo painters of the ancien régime, Fragonard, whose handling of color and expressive, confident brushwork influenced later painters.

According to Jewish tradition the author was Samuel himself, but this idea is no longer regarded as tenable.

According to early tradition, this book was composed near the end of Domitian's reign, around the year 95 AD.

According to Jewish tradition the author of Kings was Jeremiah, whose life overlapped the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BCE.

According to tradition, Bernard founded the monastery on 25 June 1115, naming it Claire Vallée, which evolved into Clairvaux.

According to Ivinskaya, " He began to say what an authentic event the funeral was -- an expression of what people really felt, and so characteristic of the Russia which stoned its prophets and did its poets to death as a matter of longstanding tradition.

According to tradition, a claim was once made that the shattering of a pumpkin frozen in liquid nitrogen and dropped from a sufficient height would produce a triboluminescent spark.

According to tradition, three generations before Confucius ' time, his ancestors had migrated from the Song state to the Lu state.

According to tradition, a Praetorian named Gratus found him hiding behind a curtain and suddenly declared him princeps.

According to one such tradition, she is the personification of the Earth itself ; according to another, its actual mother, being Prithvi Tattwa, the essence of the element earth.

According to tradition, the Colonna are a branch of the Counts of Tusculum — by Peter ( 1099 – 1151 ) son of Gregory III, called Peter " de Columna " from his property, the Columna Castle, in Colonna, Alban Hills.

According to Epiphanius Scholasticus, he was born in Athens, but there is also a tradition of an Alexandrian birth.

According to a tradition preserved in Eastern Christian folklore, Golgotha was the summit of the cosmic mountain at the center of the world and the location where Adam had been both created and buried.

According to this tradition, when Christ is crucified, his blood falls on Adam's skull, buried at the foot of the cross, and redeems him.

According to Christian tradition, Christ descended to hell after his death, in order to free the souls there ; this event is known as the harrowing of hell.

According to tradition, bits of hay are spread beneath the tablecloth as a reminder that Christ was born in a manger.