Additional armed conflict occurred in the Middle East, including between Israel and Hezbollah, then with Israel and the Hamas.

In the section " Additional measures concerning violence in conflict and post-conflict situations ", states in paragraph 69 that member states should: " penalize rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity as an intolerable violation of human rights, as crimes against humanity and, when committed in the context of an armed conflict, as war crimes ;"

The changes, known as the Additional Protocols, grant armed non-state actors prisoner of war status under certain circumstances even if they fail to distinguish themselves from the civilian population to the same extent as members of the armed forces of a high contracting party.

The International Committee of the Red Cross ’ s Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 similarly elaborates that “ other forms of non-participation in a conflict have been added to neutrality as defined by treaty and customary law ,” and that “ it would have sufficed to use the expression ‘ not engaged in the conflict ’ or ‘ not Party to the conflict ’” in lieu of using the term ‘ neutral .’ The Commentary explicitly states that the term ‘ neutral ’ “ should be interpreted as covering non-participation in conflicts in general, as well as neutrality in the proper sense of the word .” Therefore, all non-belligerence is a form of neutrality, which means that neutrality includes the entire range of states not formally participating in international armed conflict such as de facto belligerents, non-participants who do not claim neutrality, temporary declared neutrals, and even long-standing neutrals.

Additional German-operated landing craft sent to Italy via rail for the invasion included twelve Siebel ferries ( catamaran rafts powered by automobile engines driving water screws and armed with a mix of 88mm and 20mm flak guns ), six Type 39 Pionierlandungsboote ( carrying 20 tons of cargo, 2 light vehicles or 45 infantrymen and unloaded via clamshell doors at the bow ), six Type 40 Pionierlandungsboote ( a larger version of the Type 39, carrying 40 tons of cargo, three or four light vehicles or 80-90 fully equipped infantrymen ), a company of eighty-one Sturmboote ( Type 39 Stormboats, small plywood boats carrying up to six infantrymen and powered by 30 hp outboard motors ) plus an assortment of large inflatable rafts ( carrying 25 infantrymen each ).

Additional two were light concrete bunkers, armed with machine guns only.

Instead, Article 1 ( 2 ) of Additional Protocol I dictates that customary international law governs legal matters concerning armed conflict not covered by other agreements.

The sentence " States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities " was adapted from Article 77. 2 of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, adopted in 1977, with an alteration from fifteen years to eighteen years and some other minor modifications.

Additional options were gained when a flight of Beaufighters of No. 39 Squadron RAF were attached to No. 108 Sqn., armed with RP-3 rockets.

Additional tests include those for the crystallization of cream of tartar ( potassium hydrogen tartrate ) and the precipitation of heat unstable protein ; this last test is limited to white wines.

Additional awards of the Order bore a white enamelled shield with a silver sequence number at the bottom of the obverse.

Additional safety arguments beyond those based on Hawking radiation were given in the paper, which showed that in hypothetical scenarios with stable black holes that could damage Earth, such black holes would have been produced by cosmic rays and would have already destroyed known astronomical objects such as the Earth, Sun, neutron stars, or white dwarfs.

Additional miniatures for this game were cast in white metal.

Additional color schemes ( blue and white, pink ) were produced for promotional purposes.

Additional public art projects sponsored by Marsh were a supposed remains of a giant statue called " Ozymandias " and the " Floating Mesa ," a huge natural mesa with a narrow white band wrapped on top of it.

Additional colours, especially shades of red, yellow-gold and white are used copiously.

Additional components of dependence can then be added in the same way that short-term dependence models are derived from independence or white noise.

* Additional recreation – includes a sand volleyball court, a white sand beach, a jogging trail around Lago Dorado or on a trail that extends out past the smaller Cabanas lake and a few buildings in the Ranchos and Casitas sections of the resort.

Additional information arriving in Washington through April and May 1839 kept Congressional debate lively until Congress authorized a force of 50, 000 men and appropriated $ 10 million, placed at the disposal of the President in the event foreign military troops crossed into United States territory during the Congressional recess of summer 1839.

Additional trends have been found with a greater sensitivity to partner status in women choosing a sexual partner and men placing a greater emphasis on physical attractiveness in a potential mate, as well as a significantly greater tendency toward sexual jealousy in men and emotional jealousy in women.

Additional reinforcements over the next two months increased the number of U. S. troops at Lunga Point to more than 20, 000 men.

Additional sources have shown subjects whose fear learning was accompanied by high cortisol levels had better consolidation of this memory ( this effect was more important in men ).

Additional controversy was generated in the week of April 23 when The Globe and Mail reported that 30 Afghan men formerly under Canadian custody alleged they had been tortured by their Afghan captors.

Additional punishment was added on April 6, 2009 to the five guilty men, over $ 24 million in fines and restitutions to be paid.

Additional complications also arose when Constans came of age, and Constantine, who had grown used to dominating his younger brother, would not relinquish the guardianship.

) Additional inspiration for GPS came when the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite, Sputnik in 1957.

Additional impetus to consider continuous groups came from ideas of Bernhard Riemann, on the foundations of geometry, and their further development in the hands of Klein.

Additional districts were created from the existing districts as the population grew until 1849, when local government mainly based on counties came into effect.

Additional resistance against incorporation came from Flint Township as the Township did not want to lose the taxes from the Chevrolet Parts Plant.

Additional work by Rutherford and Soddy showed that the same emission came from both thorium and radium, that it was a gas, and that it was actually a new element.

Additional veteran troops came from the remains of the former Army of England.

Additional combat support came in the form of an air defense missile and artillery company with four SA-9 / SA-13s and four ZSU-23-4 / 2S6 Tunguskas, an antitank missile battery with nine BRDM-mounted AT-3 Sagger or AT-5 Spandrel launchers, a reconnaissance company mounted on BMPs, BRDMs and motorcycles and an engineer company.

Additional revenues came from the Sun City casino, which was a day trip from Johannesburg and Pretoria, where gambling was illegal under the National Party government, as it was throughout all of South Africa.

Additional population gains came from immigration, primarily from Poland.

Additional support for the hypothesis that birth weight and mortality can be acted on independently came from the analysis of birth data from Colorado: compared with the birth weight distribution in the US as a whole, the distribution curve in Colorado is also shifted to lower weights.

Additional development came to the regional airline industry with the arrival of some of the earlier De Havilland Canada types such as the Dash 7 delivered in 1978, but this was tailored more to the short-range and STOL ( Short Take-Off and Landing ) role than as a regional airliner.

Additional support came from the Massachusetts Forestry Association's initiative to advocate for the establishment of a state park system, and to make the case point, fight inappropriate development of the state's highest peak, Mount Greylock.

Additional support came with the arrival of Baldwin's paternal grandfather, William V of Montferrat, from Italy.

Additional pressures came from Bismarck.

Additional radio training came during Godfrey's service in the Coast Guard from 1927 to 1930.

Additional opposition to the idea of a merger came from within the RIN itself ; some militants were heart-broken at the prospect of the " end " of their party.

Additional radars came under the command's control for the sole purpose of detecting, identifying, tracking and sending back to NORAD data on any SLBM.

Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts, BBC, Nick Fraser, SBS, TV Australia, and VPRO, The Netherlands.

Additional religious cults came with the oriental immigrants, who brought the eastern mystery religions to the Rhône valley.

Additional expansions came in 2003 when the complex added the 30, 000 sqft Pavilion ( also called the GCC Pavilion ).

Additional regular pictorial series, depicting local scenes and industries, came out in 1934, 1938, and 1954, as well as the usual omnibus issues of the Commonwealth.

Under the 1995 Additional Protocol providing for a system of Collective Complaints which came into force in 1998, complaints of violations of the Charter may be lodged with the ECSR.

Additional funding came from the National Endowment for the Arts for twenty-five thousand dollars, as well as a Panavision package and help with the script from the Sundance Lab.