After same year's failed attempt by the city of Cologne, with its then-mayor Konrad Adenauer, to incorporate Efferen, Efferen was associated to Hürth in 1933, in tandem with Stotzheim.

Both had fought against British rule of their respective countries, and Begin was involved in a failed plot to assassinate German chancellor Konrad Adenauer.

After the resignation of Adenauer in 1963, Erhard was elected Chancellor with 279 against 180 votes in the Bundestag on 16 October.

The CDU experienced considerable success gaining support from the time of its creation in Berlin on 26 June 1945 until its first convention on 21 October 1950, at which Chancellor Adenauer was named the first Chairman of the party.

During World War II the theater was damaged, but not severely, and by October 1945 it was fully restored, owing to the support of mayor and later German chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, who proclaimed that the people need something to laugh about again.

In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent " Saarland ", under the auspices of the Western European Union ( WEU ), but a referendum held on 23 October 1955 rejected this plan by 67. 7 % to 32. 3 % ( out of a 96. 5 % turnout: 423, 434 against, 201, 975 for ) despite the public support of West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan.

* Herzstein, Robert Review of German Foreign Policy from Bismarck to Adenauer: The Limits of Statecraft pages 582-584 from German Studies Review, Volume 13, Issue # 3 October 1990.

* Bundestag reelects Konrad Adenauer Chancellor of Germany, 6 October 1953.

* 1963 – The Elysée treaty of cooperation between France and Germany is signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer.

Despite these claims he nominated people active under Nazi Germany to top ministerial positions, including Hans Globke, Director of the Federal Chancellory of West Germany between 1953 and 1963 and one of the closest aides to Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.

The Adenauer era witnessed a dramatic rise in the standard of living of average Germans, with real wages doubling between 1950 and 1963.

He is notable for his leading role in German postwar economic reform and economic recovery (" Wirtschaftswunder ", German for " economic miracle "), particularly in his role as Minister of Economics under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1949 to his own ascension to the Chancellorship in 1963.

" Social Market Economy " and Its Impact on German European Policy in the Adenauer Era, 1949 – 1963 ," German Politics and Society Volume: 25 # 2 2007. pp 68 +.

Konrad Adenauer remained the party ’ s leader until 1963, at which point former minister of economics Ludwig Erhard replaced him.

He was Director of the Federal Chancellory of West Germany between 1953 and 1963 and as such was one of the closest aides to Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.

In 1958, in Bad Kreuznach, the French President Charles de Gaulle and the West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer agreed on the restoration of Franco-German relations, codified on 22 January 1963 at the Élysée Palace.

Adenauer had tarnished his image when he announced he would run for the office of federal president in 1959, only to pull out when he discovered that under the Basic Law, the president had far less power than he did in the Weimar Republic.

The German student movement of the late 1960s was essentially a left-wing protest against the conservatism that Adenauer — by then out of office — had personified.

In his last years in office, Adenauer used to take a nap after lunch and, when he was traveling abroad and had a public function to attend, he sometimes asked for a bed in a room close to where he was supposed to be speaking, so that he could rest briefly before he appeared.

Adenauer managed to remain in office for almost another year, but the scandal increased the pressure already on him to fulfill his promise to resign before the end of the term.

He held federal office as Minister of the Interior ( 1953 – 1961 ) and as Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 1961 – 1966 ) in the cabinets of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and of Ludwig Erhard.

He became a member of the first Bundestag ( Federal Parliament ) in 1949 and, in 1953, Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the second cabinet of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, in 1955 Federal Minister of Nuclear Energy, and in 1956 defence minister, charged with the build-up of the new Bundeswehrthe youngest man to hold this office at the time.

In 1951 the Foreign Office was reestablished in West Germany, but Chancellor Konrad Adenauer was required to hold the office of Foreign Minister until the Western powers restored sovereignty to West Germany in 1955.

Chancellor Konrad Adenauer took the office of the first Foreign Minister in Bonn until the inauguration of Heinrich von Brentano in 1955.

That this and the closing of the East Berlin-West Berlin border have not been accepted by the Western governments appears in notes which Britain, France, and the United States sent to Moscow after the latter's gratuitous protest over a visit of Chancellor Adenauer and other West German officials to West Berlin.

And on 29th June 1933, i. e., several months after Hitler was made Chancellor and the Nazis were given full police power over Germany, and while the Nazis were still busy terrorizing and murdering Communists, Social Democrats, and Labor Union officials, Adenauer wrote in a letter: " In my opinion the only salvation is a monarch, a Hohenzoller [...], even Hitler in my opinion, a lifetime Reichpresident [...]“.

Adenauer worked diligently at building up contacts and support in the CDU over the next years, and he sought with varying success to impose his particular ideology on the party.

In the controversial selection for a " provisional capital " of the Federal Republic of Germany Adenauer championed Bonn over Frankfurt am Main.

These books were translated and read all over the world, even by presidents of the USA or the first Kanzler of Germany Adenauer who survived the spiritual desert of Nazi time by reading Carl Hilty.

Federal Chancellor Adenauer had some solid advantages over his Social Democratic opponent, Erich Ollenhauer: West Germany had become fully sovereign in 1955, it had joined the European Economic Community in March 1957, its economy grew steadily with a very low unemployment, and most West Germans felt clearly more prosperous and more secure than in 1949 or 1953.

Beginning with the replacement of the Reichsmark with the Deutsche Mark as legal tender, a lasting period of low inflation and rapid industrial growth was overseen by the government led by German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his minister of economics, Ludwig Erhard, raising West Germany from total wartime devastation to one of the most developed nations in modern Europe.

He reconsidered, among other reasons, because he was afraid that Ludwig Erhard, whom Adenauer thought little of, would become the new chancellor.

Konrad Adenauer with minister of economics Ludwig Erhard, 1956.

Adenauer acted more leniently towards the trade unions and employers ' associations than Erhard.

Adenauer was not on good terms with his economics minister Ludwig Erhard and tried to block him from the chancellorship.

Ludwig Erhard with Konrad Adenauer in 1956

As a member of the Texas House of Representatives, Samuel Ealy Johnson, Jr., Johnson's father, been sensitive to his German-American constituency and had opposed the Creel Committee's attempt to disparage German culture and isolate German-Americans during World War I. Adenauer and Erhard had also stayed at Johnson's ranch in Gillespie County.

" Adenauer, Erhard and the Uses of Prosperity ," German Politics and Society Volume: 25 # 2 ( 2007 ) pp 86 + online edition

While Adenauer and Erhard co-operated with non-Nazi parties to their right, since the 1990s CDU has worked to marginalize its right-wing opposition through the courts.

Instead, he strongly supported measures to expedite Germany's economic recovery along liberal free-market and democratic lines followed by Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard.

Furthermore, Röpke personally advised the Chancellor of ( post-World War II ) West Germany, Konrad Adenauer, and his Minister of Economics, Ludwig Erhard up until the late 1950s, and therefore is credited with contributing the intellectual backbone of the now infamous German Economic " Miracle ".

Although the West German economic growth was more directly enhanced by the social market economy policies of Economics Minister Ludwig Erhard, most non-socialistically inclined West German voters gave Adenauer the credit for it.

Beginning with the replacement of the Reichsmark with the Deutsche Mark as legal tender ( the Schilling was similarly established in Austria ), a lasting period of low inflation and rapid industrial growth was overseen by the government led by German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his Minister of Economics, Ludwig Erhard, who went down in history as the " father of the German economic miracle.

He remained in the Bundestag until 1969, serving several times as a minister under Chancellors Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard.