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Aelia Capitolina (; Latin in full: Colonia Aelia Capitolina ) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem, which was in ruins since 70 AD, leading in part to the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 – 136.
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Aelia and Capitolina
According to Eusebius, the Jerusalem church was scattered twice, in AD70 and AD135, with the difference that from 70-130 the bishops of Jerusalem have evidently Jewish names, whereas after 135 the bishops of Aelia Capitolina appear to be Greeks.
Eusebius ' evidence for continuation of a church at Aelia Capitolina is confirmed by the Bordeaux Pilgrim.
Aelia came from Hadrian's nomen gentile, Aelius, while Capitolina meant that the new city was dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinus, to whom a temple was built on the site of the former Jewish temple, the Temple Mount.
The two pairs of main roads-the cardines ( north-south ) and decumani ( east-west )-in Aelia Capitolina.
The urban plan of Aelia Capitolina was that of a typical Roman town wherein main thoroughfares crisscrossed the urban grid lengthwise and widthwise.
* Detailed description ( including map ) of the city of Aelia Capitolina
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Although Eusebius does not say as much, the temple of Aphrodite was probably built as part of Hadrian's reconstruction of Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina in 135, following the destruction of the Jewish Revolt of 70 and the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 – 135.
In 131, the Emperor Hadrian renamed Jerusalem " Aelia Capitolina " and constructed a Temple of Jupiter on the site of the former Jewish temple.
The name Jerusalem was restored to Aelia Capitolina and it became a Christian city.
The last straw was a series of laws enacted by the Roman Emperor Hadrian, including an attempt to prevent Jews from living in Jerusalem ; a new Roman city, Aelia Capitolina, was to be built in its place.
In the first century Gentile ( non-Jewish ) inclusion was the significant issue, see Circumcision controversy in early Christianity, while two millennia later Jewish exclusion is the issue ( though Jewish exclusion may have begun as early as the exclusion of Jews from Aelia Capitolina c. 135, see also Jewish Bishops of Jerusalem and Anti-Judaism ).
Aelia and Latin
The Latin name Aelia is the source of the Arabic term Iliyā ' ( إلياء ), an early Islamic name for Jerusalem.
Aelia and full
Her elder half-sister was Claudia Antonia, Claudius's daughter through his second marriage to Aelia Paetina, and her full sibling was Britannicus, Claudius's son with Messalina.
Aelia and Colonia
* Jerusalem is renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina, in honor of Hadrian.
In Roman times Osijek was called Mursa Maior, but its official Roman name was Colonia Aelia Mursa, as it was established by emperor Hadrian.
Hadrian built a Roman colony in its place, naming it Colonia Aelia Capitolina, after himself.
It became later Colonia Flavia Aelia Scupi and many veteran legionnaires were settled there.
The thearer is estimated to be built in the 2nd century AD by the signs Colonia Scupi Aelia on the seats.
Aelia and was
She also was a stepmother to Claudia Antonia, Claudius ' daughter and only child from his second marriage to Aelia Paetina, and to the young Claudia Octavia and Britannicus, Claudius ' children with Valeria Messalina.
He was the eldest son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Western Emperor Honorius.
A weak ruler, his reign was dominated by a series of powerful ministers and by his wife, Aelia Eudoxia.
Arcadius was born in Hispania, the elder son of Theodosius I and Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Honorius, who would become a Western Roman Emperor.
Arcadius was also dominated by his wife Aelia Eudoxia, who convinced her husband to dismiss Eutropius, who was holding the consulate, at the height of his power, in 399.
In Constantinople around 400 AD the empress Aelia Eudoxia had a eunuch choir-master, Brison, who may have established the use of castrati in Byzantine choirs, though whether Brison himself was a singer, and whether he had colleagues who were eunuch singers, is not certain.
Some years after divorcing Aelia Paetina, in 38 or early 39, Claudius married Valeria Messalina, who was his first cousin once removed and closely allied with Caligula's circle.
He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the eastern emperor Arcadius.
Aelia Galla Placidia ( 392 – November 27, 450 ), daughter of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, was the Regent for Emperor Valentinian III from 423 until his majority in 437, and a major force in Roman politics for most of her life.
Hadrian ’ s elder sister and only sibling was Aelia Domitia Paulina, married with the triple consul Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus, his niece was Julia Serviana Paulina and his great-nephew was Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, from Barcino ( Barcelona ).
Aelia and city
* Emperor Hadrian builds the city Aelia Capitolina on the location of Jerusalem.
The largely destroyed city is renamed Aelia Capitolina.
The city of Aelia Capitolina was built in 130 CE by the Roman emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the First Jewish Revolt in 70 CE.
Aelia came from Hadrian's nomen gentile, Aelius, while Capitolina meant that the new city was dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinus, to whom a temple was built on the site of the former second Jewish temple, the Temple Mount.
When the Emperor Hadrian threatened to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city dedicated to Jupiter, in 132, Aelia Capitolina, some of the leading sages of the Sanhedrin supported a rebellion led by Simon Bar Kosiba ( later known as Bar Kokhba ), who established a short-lived independent state that was conquered by the Romans in 135.
* 130: Emperor Hadrian visits the ruins of Jerusalem and decides to rebuild it as a city dedicated to Jupiter called Aelia Capitolina
* 131: An additional legion, Legio VI Ferrata, was stationed in the city to maintain order, as the Roman governor performed the foundation ceremony of Aelia Capitolina.
* 136 Hadrian formally reestablishes the city as Aelia Capitolina, and forbids Jewish and Christian presence in the city
He rebuilt the city, renaming it Aelia Capitolina in 135 CE.
Jerusalem was turned into a pagan city called Aelia Capitolina and the Jews were forbidden to live there, and Hadrian changed the country ’ s name from Judea to Syria Palestina.
The city of Aelia Capitolina was built by the emperor Hadrian on the ruins of Jerusalem.
All Jews were forbidden to enter Jerusalem upon pain of death and the city was renamed Aelia Capitolina.
Nonetheless, according to the Church History of Eusebius, the line of Jewish Christian bishops of Jerusalem continued until the Bar Kokhba revolt ( 132-136 ) when Hadrian renamed the city " Aelia Capitolina " and barred all Jews except for the day of Tisha B ' Av.
In 132, the Emperor Hadrian threatened to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city dedicated to Jupiter, called Aelia Capitolina.
Further developments occurred in Judaea Province in the year 130, when Emperor Hadrian visited the Eastern Mediterranean and, according to Cassius Dio, made the decision to rebuild the city of Jerusalem as the pagan Roman city of Aelia Capitolina, derived from his own name.
After the recapture of Jerusalem in 132 AD the emperor Hadrian had the city rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina and a tall pillar in the plaza inside the Damascus Gate was the starting point for measurements to other cities, as indicated in the mosaic Madaba Map.
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