After Chiang's resignation the vice-president of the ROC, Li Zongren, became China's president.

After 1997, China's telecommunications services were enhanced further with the acquisition of Hong Kong's highly advanced systems.

After the brief rule of Mao's chosen successor Hua Guofeng, Deng Xiaoping emerged as China's paramount leader, and began to shift the country towards market economics and away from ideologically driven policies.

* After a long period of civil wars and conflicts with European powers, China's last imperial dynasty ended in 1912.

After four more years, 1950 saw the cessation of major military hostilities — with the newly founded People's Republic of China controlling mainland China ( including Hainan ), and the Republic of China's jurisdiction being restricted to Taiwan, Penghu, Quemoy, Matsu and several outlying islands.

After the signing of Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance in 1950, the Soviet Union assisted China's military R & D with training, technical documentation, manufacturing equipment, and license-production of Soviet weapons.

After the outbreak of World War II, the state was recognised by Slovakia ( 1 June 1940 ), France ( 12 July 1940 ), Romania ( 1 December 1940 ), Bulgaria ( 10 May 1941 ), Finland ( 18 July 1941 ), Denmark ( August 1941 ), Croatia ( 2 August 1941 )— all controlled or influenced by Japan's ally Germany — as well as by the China's Wang Jingwei government ( 30 November 1940 ), Thailand ( 5 August 1941 ) and the Philippines ( 1943 )— all under Japanese control.

After Yongle's overthrow of Jianwen, China's countryside was devastated.

After Lin Biao's death, he and the late Liu Shaoqi were turned by the state propaganda machine into a two-headed monster that could be blamed for all of China's ills.

After Mao's death and the fall of the Gang of Four in October 1976, Party leaders rehabilitated Deng and brought him back to Beijing, where he emerged as China's Paramount Leader in 1978.

After ousting Hua Guofeng as China's " paramount leader " in 1978, Deng Xiaoping recognized the " Sichuan Experience " as a model for Chinese economic reform.

After six months in China he wrote China's Feet Unbound, which supported the new Chinese government of Mao Zedong.

After Mao died in 1976, Peng's old ally, Deng Xiaoping, emerged as China's paramount leader.

After Deng gained control of the military he recalled Yang, raised him to the position of general, and gave Yang the responsibility of modernizing China's army, which Deng considered backward and larger than necessary.

After World War II, the Republic of China had been one of the founding members in the United Nations and held China's seat on the Security Council until 1971, when it was expelled by General Assembly Resolution 2758 and replaced in all UN organs with the People's Republic of China government.

After Peng was purged, Mao accelerated his efforts to build his personality cult, and by 1966 succeeded in having " The East is Red " sung in place of China's national anthem.

After the fall of the USSR, Russia became China's principal arms supplier to the effect that Chinese economic growth allowed Russia to sustain its aerospace industry.

After 1911, however, the Yellow Emperor as national symbol changed from first progenitor of the Han race to ancestor of China's entire multi-ethnic population.

After his decisive victory at the Battle of the Zab and eliminating those of the Umayyad family who failed to escape to Al-Andalus, As-Saffah sent his forces to consolidate his caliphate, including Central Asia, where his forces confronted many regional powers, including those of China's Tang Dynasty.

After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, and in the context of China's economic expansion, " blue " concerns widened in scope.

After World War II, China's position as a sovereign state was recognized, and all special concessions and unequal treaties were abolished.

After the Sino-Soviet split, the Soviet Union withdrew its technical staff and support to China's arms industry.

After the Great Leap Forward ( 1958-1961 ) and the ousting of the Gang of Four from power, Chairman Deng Xiaoping was willing to consider market-based methods of economic growth so as to revitalise China's economy.

After 1949 he worked as a reporter and editor for China Youth News and began a long career of writing rooted in an iron devotion to social ideals, an affection for China's ordinary people, and an insistence on honest expression even at the cost of great personal sacrifice.

After occupying the Post Office, the Volunteers hoisted two republican flags and Pearse read a Proclamation of the Republic

After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed.

After World War I and the abdication of the German Kaiser, the monarchy was abolished and a republican government of Mecklenburg was established.

After his mother's death, William's education and guardianship became a point of contention between his dynasty's supporters and the advocates of a more republican Netherlands.

The Communist Party of China ( CCP ), founded in 1921 by Chen Duxiu with Soviet support, initially collaborated with the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang ( KMT ), founded by the revolutionary republican Sun Yat-sen. After the unexpected death of Sun in March 1925, a power struggle within the KMT favored Chiang Kai-shek, whose Northern Expedition forces succeeded in wresting control of large areas of China from local warlords, establishing a unified government in Nanjing in April 1927.

After the republican defeat at Pharsalus, Afranius, like most Republicans, fled to Africa province.

After holding them for several days, the troops guarding them mutinied and killed all the leading republican prisoners, including Afranius.

After his release, Costello worked to rebuild the republican movement, beginning by building a local base of support in County Wicklow as Sinn Féin's local organiser.

After the flight of the king to Varennes, Barère joined the republican party and the Feuillants, although he continued to keep in touch with the Duke of Orléans, whose natural daughter, Pamela, he tutored.

After the Italian republican Felice Orsini tried to assassinate the French emperor with a bomb made in Britain, the French were outraged ( see Orsini affair ).

After a stirring opening on the eve of the coup d ' état, involving an idealistic young village couple joining up with the republican militia in the middle of the night, Zola then spends the next few chapters going back in time to pre-Revolutionary Provence, and proceeds to lay the foundations for the entire Rougon-Macquart cycle, committing himself to what would become the next twenty-two years of his life's work.

After Fleurus, the republican army would keep its momentum in the war, staying on the offensive until its eventual victory against the First Coalition in 1797.

After the Revolution of 1989, the former King Michael visited Romania to an enthusiastic reception in the streets of Bucharest, however the country preserved its republican character.

After Julius Caesar was murdered in 44 BCE, Quintus Labienus, a Roman republican general and ambassador to the Parthians, sided with Brutus and Cassius in the Liberators ' civil war ; after their defeat Labienus joined the Parthians and assisted them in invading Roman territories in 40 BCE.

After the coup d ' état this proposition gained Grévy a reputation for sagacity, and upon his return to public life in 1868 he took a prominent place in the republican party.

After leaving Greece, Howe continued his medical studies in Paris, where his enthusiasm for a republican form of government led him to take part in the July Revolution .< ref > Schwartz ,</ font > Harold.

After Superbus ' expulsion, the Senate voted to never again allow the rule of a king and reformed Rome into a republican government in 509 BC.

After being expelled from this school for his pro-Communist sympathies in 1936 he gained entry to Tirana Officers School, but he left the following year after volunteering to fight for the republican side in the Spanish Civil War.

" After this, Sarpedon was careful not to leave the boy unattended around the capital, seeing how firm he was in his republican beliefs.

After the fall of the Hohenstaufen, republican institutions declined at Brescia as in the other free cities and the leadership was contested between powerful families, chief among them the Maggi and the Brusati, the latter of the ( pro-imperial, anti-papal ) Ghibelline party.

After the failure of the then IRA's 1956-62 " Border Campaign ", the republican movement, with a new military and political leadership, undertook a complete reappraisal of its raison d ' être.

After the meeting, he gave a speech in support of a series of resolutions that deemed slavery " incompatible with the perpetuity of free and republican institutions.

After independence and the Civil War, and with the formation of Dáil Éireann ( Irish Free State ) after the Irish general election, 1923, the government pursued conservative economic and social policies and took a firm line against the republican movement.

After the republican government was replaced by Napoleon's imperial régime, David further deployed the gesture in The Distribution of the Eagle Standards ( 1810 ).

After the evacuation of French forces from the Illyrian provinces in 1813 he returned to Paris, and the Restauration found him a royalist, though he retained something of republican sentiment.