After several false starts during the 16th and 17th centuries the brass industry was also established in England taking advantage of abundant supplies of cheap copper smelted in the new coal fired reverberatory furnace.

After Spanish conquest in the 16th century Chilean economy came to revolve around autarchy estates called fundos and around the army that was engaged in the Arauco War.

After the war, 200, 000 Chinese troops under General Lu Han were sent by Chiang Kai-shek to northern Indochina ( north of the 16th parallel ) to accept the surrender of Japanese occupying forces there, and remained in Indochina until 1946, when the French returned.

After the 16th century, Benin mainly exported pepper, ivory, gum, and cotton cloth to the Portuguese and Dutch who resold it to other African societies on the coast.

After a series of invasions and conquest by the Mongols and Turks, Iraq fell under Ottoman rule in the 16th century, intermittently falling under Mamluk and Safavid control.

After the Portuguese arrival in the area in the 16th century, the next significant Western contact was the arrival of David Livingstone along the shore of Lake Malawi in 1859.

After a brief period of economic prosperity in the 15th century, the city's economy suffered during the wars of religion of the 16th and 17th centuries, and recovery did not happen until the industrial revolution in the early 19th century.

After Owain's death, there was little resistance to English rule until, in the 16th century, the Tudor dynasty, whilst allowing Welshmen to become more prominent in English society, saw Owain's revolt as a catastrophe for Wales.

After he became pope, he beautified his ancient church of St. Sabina with mosaics and metalwork bearing his name that were still intact as late as the 16th century.

After the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, Quechua continued to see considerable usage, as the " general language " and main means of communication between the Spaniards and the indigenous population, including for the Roman Catholic Church as a language of evangelisation.

After the Magyar conquest ( 10-11th century ), Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary until the 16th century, when it became the independent Principality of Transylvania until 1711.

After the English Reformation, from the 16th to the 19th century those guilty of such Nonconformity, termed " recusants ", were subject to civil penalties and sometimes, especially in the earlier part of that period, to criminal penalties.

After the 16th century, new crops that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to the world's population growth.

After the islands were transferred to Scotland, thousands of Scots families emigrated to Shetland in the 16th and 17th centuries but studies of the genetic makeup of the islands ' population indicate that Shetlanders are just under half Scandinavian in origin.

After outrage from Birmingham residents ( who felt that the word ' Blast ' may have been misconstrued as a reference to the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, as well as Eric Rudolph's 1998 bombing of a local abortion clinic ), the XFL changed the name of the Birmingham team to the more benign " Birmingham Thunderbolts ".

After the Livonian War, Estonia became part of the Swedish Empire from the 16th century to 1710 / 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the Great Northern War.

After the 16th century, Portugal gradually saw its wealth decreasing.

After the Thirteen Years ' War, according to the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ), the town became part of Poland's province of Royal Prussia, it became the capital of Pomesania during the 16th century.

After the 16th century, this elected monarch governed the Holy Roman Empire ( later called Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ), a Central European union of territories of the Medieval and Early Modern period.

After the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, most of the inhabitants of Central America shared a similar history.

After the war, 200, 000 Chinese troops under General Lu Han sent by Chiang Kai-shek invaded northern Indochina north of the 16th parallel to accept the surrender of Japanese occupying forces, and remained there until 1946.

After falling under English rule in the 16th century, Glamorgan became a more stable county, and exploited its natural resources to become an important part of the Industrial Revolution.

After the 16th century, the name was steadily changed slightly from Chachkand / Chashkand to Tashkand, which, as " stone city ", was more meaningful to the new inhabitants than the old name.

After the loss of independence to the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, Serbia briefly regained sovereignty under Jovan Nenad in the 16th century.

After the seventeenth century the audience ceased to be an organic community to which these ideas and their attendant habits of figurative language would be natural or immediately familiar.

After the fall of the Akkadian empire in the mid 21st century BC, the Assyrians who were the northern branch of the Akkadian people, colonised parts of the region between the 21st and mid 18th centuries BC and claimed the resources, notably silver.

After the Arab Islamic conquest in the 7th century AD Assyria was dissolved as an entity.

After extensive debate, the U. S. Senate confirmed Thomas to the Supreme Court by a vote of 52 – 48 ; the narrowest margin since the 19th century.

After the arrival of missionaries in the late 18th century, many Aleuts became Christian by joining the Russian Orthodox Church.

After a one day series against South Africa, he scored his first Test century against the visiting Pakistanis in the first Test at Kensington Oval, Bridgetown, Barbados which the West Indies eventually won.

After being conquered by the Arabs in the early 8th century, it was reconquered in 801 by Charlemagne's son Louis, who made Barcelona the seat of the Carolingian " Hispanic March " ( Marca Hispanica ), a buffer zone ruled by the Count of Barcelona.

After 750, major epidemic diseases did not appear again in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century.

After the 1662 prayer book, development ceased in England until the twentieth century ; that it did was, however, a bit of a close run thing.

After the fall of the Khmer Empire in the early 15th century, the Dongrek Mountains served as a natural border leaving the Khmer north of the mountains under the sphere of influence of Lan Xang.

After the Empire passed, use of concrete became scarce until the technology was re-pioneered in the mid-18th century.

After the death of Jayavarman I in 681, turmoil came upon the kingdom and at the start of the 8th century, the kingdom broke up into many principalities.

After being incorporated in Yugoslavia for most of the 20th century, Croatia regained independence in 1991.

After Srijem left Croatia and Slavonia and joined Serbia together with Vojvodina, which was shortly followed by a referendum to join Bosnia and Herzegovina to Serbia, the People's Council ( Narodno vijeće ) of the state, guided by what was by that time a half a century long tradition of pan-Slavism and without sanction of the Croatian sabor, joined the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

After the construction of the Theodosian Walls in the early 5th century, it was extended to the new Golden Gate, reaching a total length of seven Roman miles.

After further political consolidation, seven prominent states remained by the end of 5th century BC, and the years in which these few states battled each other are known as the Warring States Period.

After several difficult months following the death of Camille in September, 1879, a grief-stricken Monet ( resolving never to be mired in poverty again ) began in earnest to create some of his best paintings of the 19th century.

By the 18th century, map-makers started to give credit to the original engraver by printing the phrase " After original cartographer " on the work.

After World War I, far fewer crochet patterns were published, and most of them were simplified versions of the early 20th century patterns.

After a long period of financial and political struggles, Dartmouth emerged in the early 20th century from relative obscurity.

After studying over 8, 000 reports of government-caused deaths, Rummel estimates that there have been 262 million victims of democide in the last century.

After the middle of the twelfth century, the Ma ' an family superseded the Tanukhs in Druze leadership.

After a large deposit of natural gas was found in 1887, Fairmount became part of the Indiana Gas Boom and a center of the glass industry for the rest of the 19th century.

After doubling during the 19th century, Florence's population was to triple in the 20th, resulting from growth in tourism, trade, financial services and industry.