After the incompetent negotiator Ch ' ung-hou, who was bribed by the Russians, without permission from the Qing government, signed a treaty granting Russsia extraterritorial rights, consulates, control over trade, and an indemnity, a massive uproar by the Chinese literati ensued, some of them calling for the death of Ch ' ung-hou.

After the incompetent negotiator Ch ' ung-hou, who was bribed by the Russians, without permission from the Qing government, signed a treaty granting Russsia extraterritorial rights, consulates, control over trade, and an indemnity, a massive uproar by the Chinese literati ensued, some of them calling for the death of Ch ' ung-hou.

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