However, Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Bernheim introduced more complex hypnotic " depth " scales, based on a combination of behavioural, physiological and subjective responses, some of which were due to direct suggestion and some of which were not.

Azam's enthusiasm for hypnotism influenced Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, a country doctor.

Émile Coué ( 1857 – 1926 ) assisted Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault for around two years at Nancy.

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault

Braid ’ s work had a strong influence on a number of important French medical figures, especially Étienne Eugène Azam ( 1822 – 1899 ) of Bordeaux ( Braid ’ s principal French “ disciple ”), the anatomist Pierre Paul Broca ( 1824 – 1880 ), the physiologist Joseph Pierre Durand de Gros ( 1826 – 1901 ), and the eminent hypnotherapist and co-founder of the Nancy School Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault ( 1823 – 1904 ).

In 1901, he began to study under Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim, two leading exponents of hypnosis.

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault ( 1823 – 1904 )

In 1901 he began to study under Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim, two leading exponents of hypnosis.

Faria's approach was significantly extended by the clinical and theoretical work of Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim of the Nancy School.

The Nancy School was an early French hypnosis-centred school of psychotherapy, which can be traced back to 1866 and the work of Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, a follower of the theory of Abbé Faria, in the city of Nancy.

Working from an old book on magnetism, Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault developed his own brand of hypnotic therapy.

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, Du sommeil et des états analogues considérés surtout du point de vue de l ' action du moral sur le physique, Paris, Masson, 1866

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, Ébauche de psychologie, 1873

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, Étude du zoomagnétisme, 1883

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, Confessions d ' un médecin hypnotiseur, 1886

* Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, Thérapeutique suggestive, 1891

After practicing for several years as a hypnotherapist employing the methods of Liébeault and Bernheim's Nancy School, Coué developed a new orientation called " conscious autosuggestion.

* Hippolyte Bernheim, Le docteur Liébeault et la doctrine de la suggestion, 1907

Initially sceptical of Liébeault's theories, methods and clinical results, the French neurologist, Hippolyte Bernheim eventually joined Liébeault in 1882, and they conducted a clinic and further research together.

* Kate Austin ( 1864 – 1902 ), American writer, feminist and anarchist

* 1864 – William Bate Hardy, British biochemist ( d. 1934 )

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Fort Pillow massacre: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

* 1864 – Jean, duc Decazes, French aristocrat and sportsman ( d. 1912 )

* 1864 – Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet ( d. 1913 )

* 1864 – 12 nations sign the First Geneva Convention.

* 1864 – Hermann Weingärtner, German gymnast ( d. 1919 )

* 1916 – Roger Casement, Irish rebel ( b. 1864 )

* 1925 – William Bruce, Australian cricketer ( b. 1864 )

* Sebastian Osterrieder ( 1864 – 1932 ): sculptor

* 1864 – Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern – Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

His sister was Lucy Aikin ( 1781 – 1864 ), a historical writer.

* 1864 – The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico except Galveston, Texas.

* 1864 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece ( d. 1936 )

* 1864 – The U. S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.

* 1864 – During the American Civil War, Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia.

* 1864 – Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig.

* 1864 – Richard Harding Davis, American author ( d. 1916 )

* 1864 – Charles Lot Church, Canadian politician ( b. 1777 )

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Plymouth begins – Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.