* Agis IV, Eurypontid King of Sparta who has failed in his attempt to reform Sparta's economic and political structure ( b. c. 265 BC )

* Archidamus V, brother of the murdered Spartan King Agis IV, is called back to Sparta by the Agiad King Cleomenes III, who has no counterpart on the throne by then.

Agis is supported by his wealthy mother and grandmother ( who surrender their property ), by his uncle Agesilaus, and by Lysander, who is an ephor ( magistrate with the duty of limiting the power of the king ).

Cleomenes ' brother-in-law, Cleombrotus, who was a supporter of Agis, became king.

Following the execution of Agis, Cleomenes-who was around eighteen at the time-was made by his father to marry Agis ' widow, Agiatis, who was a wealthy heiress.

Once it became clear, however, that Demosthenes and his men intended to hold the site, the king Agis, who was at the head of an army ravaging Attica, turned for home, cutting his invasion short after only 15 days in Athenian territory.

Agis marched the whole of the Spartan army, together with the neodamodeis and everyone who was able to fight in Sparta out to Tegea where he was joined by his allies from Arcadia, and he sent for help from his northern allies, Corinth, Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris.

This reduced the Paeonian kingdom ( then ruled by Agis ) to a semi-autonomous, subordinate status, which led to a process of gradual and formal Hellenization of the Paeonians, who began during the reign of Philip II to issue coins with Greek legends like the Macedonian ones.

The navy recalled Alcibiades ( who had been forced to abandon the Spartan cause after reputedly seducing the wife of Agis II, a Spartan king ) and made him its head.

The second faction in Tarentum were the aristocrats, led by Agis, who did not oppose surrendering to Rome, as it would lead to the return of the aristocratic faction to power.

Agis was invested with the command and with his Spartan troops, and a body of 8000 Greek mercenaries who had been present at the battle of Issus, gained a decisive victory in the Peloponnese over a Macedonian army under Coragus.

Agis, who from his earliest youth had shown his attachment to the ancient discipline, undertook to reform these abuses, and re-establish the institutions of Lycurgus.

He succeeded, however, in gaining over three very influential persons: his uncle Agesilaus ( a man of large property, but who, being deeply involved in debt, hoped to profit by the innovations of Agis ), Lysander ( a descendant of the victor of Aegospotami ) and Mandrocleides.

Lysander, therefore, convened the assembly of the people, to whom Agis submitted his measure, and offered to make the first sacrifice, by giving up his own lands and money, telling them that his mother, Agesistrate, and grandmother, who were both possessed of great wealth, with all his relations and friends, would follow his example.

The opposite party, however, headed by Leonidas II, Agis ' Agiad co-monarch, who had formed his habits at the luxurious court of Seleucus II Callinicus, got the senate to reject the measure, though only by one vote.

Leonidas was deposed, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Cleombrotus, who cooperated with Agis.

Leonidas, who had returned to the city, fled again, to Tegea, protected from Agis by Agesilaus, who persuaded Agis and Lysander that the most effective way to secure the consent of the wealthy to the distribution of their lands, would be to begin by cancelling the debts.

His son Cleomenes III eventually succeeded him, having been married at age 18 to Agiatis ( d. 224 BC ), widow of Agis IV, the Eurypontid king ; they had at least one son together who died in Egypt with his grandmother.

Agesilaus was the son of Archidamus II and his second wife, Eupoleia, brother to Cynisca ( the first woman in ancient history to achieve an Olympic victory ), and younger half-brother of Agis II.

We do know that he was not expected to succeed to the throne after his brother king Agis II, largely due to the fact that he was crippled from birth, and since the latter had a son, named Leotychidas.

Early Spartan attempts to break up the coalition failed, and the leadership of the Spartan king Agis was called into question.

He was able to persuade the Spartans to select Agesilaus II as the new Eurypontid Spartan king following the death of Agis II.

Eurysthenes married Lathria, daughter of Thersander, King of Kleonoe, sister of his sister-in-law Anaxandra, and was the father of his successor, Agis I, founder of the Agiad dynasty of the Kings of Sparta.

Blockaded by land and sea, with their food supplies running low, the Athenians sent ambassadors to the Spartan king Agis, whose army was camped outside their walls, offering to join the Spartan alliance if they were allowed to keep their walls and port ; Agis, claiming that he had no power to negotiate, sent the ambassadors on to Sparta, but there they were told that, if they really wanted peace, they should bring the Spartans better proposals.

He began his kingship after the end of the Peloponnesian war after his brother Agis II died and was left without an heir.

( Agis ’ son Leotychidas was rumored to be the illegitimate son of the Athenian Alcibiades.

As Chugg says, " If he did persuade Alexander to reach an accommodation with Demosthenes at this critical juncture, as would seem likely from the circumstances, then he was significantly responsible for saving the situation for Macedon in Greece by preventing the revolt of Agis spreading to Athens and her allies.

His first play, Agis: a tragedy, founded on Plutarch's narrative, was finished in 1747.

Plutarch has Timaia, the wife of King Agis II, " being herself forward enough to whisper among her helot maid-servants " that the child she was expecting had been fathered by Alcibiades, and not her husband, indicating a certain level of trust.

In around 242 BC, Leonidas was exiled from Sparta and forced to seek refuge in the temple of Athena after opposing the reforms of the Eurypontid King, Agis IV.

Immediately afterwards, the Argives denounced the truce and resumed the war, capturing the key town of Orchomenus ; as a result, anger at Agis was such that he was on the verge of being fined 100, 000 drachmas and having his house destroyed.

The Spartan ephors consented, but in an unprecedented move, placed Agis under the supervision of ten advisors, called xymbouloi, whose consent was required for whatever military action he wished to take.

During Alexander's campaigns in the east, the Spartan king, Agis III sent a force to Crete in 333 BC with the aim of securing the island for Sparta.

* King Agis II of Sparta escapes having his house razed and being fined 100, 000 drachmae for his failure to press his advantage by promising more successful outcomes in the future.

Agis II's major victory makes amends with the Spartans for his earlier truce with Argos.

Lysander and King Agis were for total destruction as were Sparta's leading allies Corinth and Thebes.

These representatives were, for Sparta, the kings Pleistoanax and Agis II, Pleistolas, Damagetus, Chionis, Metagenes, Acanthus, Daithus, Ischagoras, Philocharidas, Zeuxidas, Antiphus, Tellis, Alcindas, Empedias, Menas, and Laphilus.

* editions of Isaeus ( 1831 ) and Plutarch's Agis and Cleomenes ( 1839, important for the Attic law of inheritance and the history of the Spartan constitution )

They were called back soon after, as Agis or the xymbouloi realized that the Eleans would soon be back on the side of the Argives, but did not arrive in time for the battle.

Agis could have bided his time inside the walls of Tegea, waiting for his northern allies.

With advice from Alcibiades in 415 BCE, the former Athenian general wanted on Athenian charges of religious crimes, the Spartans and their allies, under Agis the Spartan king, fortified Decelea as a major military post in the later stage of the Peloponnesian War, giving them control of rural Attica and cutting off the primary land route for food imports.

In 333 BC, Agis went with a single trireme to the Persian commanders in the Aegean, Pharnabazus and Autophradates, to request money and armaments for carrying on hostile operations against Alexander the Great in Greece.

Agis and Cleombrotus fled for sanctuary, the former to the temple of Athena Chalcioecus in Sparta, the latter to the temple of Poseidon ( or Apollo ) at Taenarum.

Agis, observing that one of his executioners was moved to tears, said, " Weep not for me: suffering, as I do, unjustly, I am in a happier case than my murderers.

The accusation of Polybius is repeated by Plutarch, but it comes with rather a bad grace from the latter writer, since there can be little doubt that his lives of Agis and Cleomenes are taken almost entirely from Phylarchus, to whom he is likewise indebted for the latter part of his life of Pyrrhus.