Notable works include Abu Bakr al-Razi's encyclopedia of science, the Mutazilite Al-Kindi's prolific output of 270 books, and Ibn Sina's medical encyclopedia, which was a standard reference work for centuries.

Al-Kindi's position would be enhanced under al-Mu ' tasim, who appointed him as a tutor to his son.

Only George Santayana seemed to understand and appreciate the film when he wrote: `` Miss Poitrine has perpetrated the most eloquent argument for the Protestant faith yet unleashed by Hollywood ''.

This has been used as an argument against the use of the axiom of choice.

The " epistemic argument " against Platonism has been made by Paul Benacerraf and Hartry Field.

Because these methods are diverse and use data from such different sources, the problem of integrating them into a coherent argument has been a long-term issue for archaeoastronomers.

In fact, due to the repetitious nature of some of phrases or intertextuality with Jeremiah, an argument has been put forth that the “ historical Jeremiah ” is hard to validate and should be abandoned.

The argument that the motion is absolute, not relative, is incomplete, as it limits the participants relevant to the experiment to only the pail and the water, a limitation that has not been established.

The use of Bayesian probabilities as the basis of Bayesian inference has been supported by several arguments, such as the Cox axioms, the Dutch book argument, arguments based on decision theory and de Finetti's theorem.

They regard a " crime malum in se " as inherently criminal ; whereas a " crime malum prohibitum " ( the argument goes ) counts as criminal only because the law has decreed it so.

David Cole writes that " the Chinese Room argument has probably been the most widely discussed philosophical argument in cognitive science to appear in the past 25 years ".

In light of the Big Bang theory, a stylized version of argument has emerged ( sometimes called the Kalam cosmological argument, the following form of which was created by Al-Gazali and then strongly supported by William Lane Craig ):

Aquinas's argument from contingency allows for the possibility of a Universe that has no beginning in time.

Caesar seems to be one of the first authors to distinguish the two groups, and he has a political motive for doing so ( it is an argument in favour of the Rhine border ).

Since the 1990s the term has been used ( interchangeably with " the Copernicus method ") for J. Richard Gott's Bayesian-inference-based prediction of duration of ongoing events, a generalized version of the Doomsday argument.

The Magna Carta, which has constitutional status in Canada, was occasionally called into service in legal argument.

This is similar to the argument that fire suppression in western United States has allowed Ponderosa Pine forests to become “ overstocked ”.

The central argument in Principles was that the present is the key to the past – a concept of the Scottish Enlightenment which David Hume had stated as " all inferences from experience suppose ... that the future will resemble the past ", and James Hutton had described when he wrote in 1788 that " from what has actually been, we have data for concluding with regard to that which is to happen thereafter.

I am glad that he has been courageous enough and logical enough to admit that his argument, if pushed as far as it must go, if worth anything, would prove that men may have come from the Ourang-Outang.

Stevenson has identified persuasive definition as a form of stipulative definition which purports to describe the " true " or " commonly accepted " meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an altered use, perhaps as an argument for some specific view.

However, this argument has been described as an example of the fallacy of a statistical confounding effect ; it is now known that a herpesvirus, potentiated by HIV, is responsible for AIDS-associated KS.

This argument has not been universally accepted.

*" The first argument ," writes Rachels, " has several variations, each suggesting the same general point:

Ethical naturalism has been criticized most prominently by ethical non-naturalist G. E. Moore, who formulated the open-question argument.

However, this argument may be inverted by realists in arguing that since the sentence " Socrates is wise " can be rewritten as " Socrates has wisdom ", this proves the existence of a hidden referent for " wise ".

My argument is that there was no Saxon Shore prior to that time even though the forts had been in existence since the time of Carausius.

Obviously, a satisfactory answer to the third question is imperative, if the argument is to get under way at all, for if there is any possibility of doubt whether the patient's tactual sensitivity had been impaired by the occipital lesion, any findings whatsoever in regard to the first question become completely ambiguous and fail altogether, of course, as evidence to establish the desired conclusion.

Added to the argument was the fact that while she might have tasted the coffee if it had been still hot, she might even have drunk some of it, she wouldn't have taken enough to kill her, for she would have been warned by its taste.

Following the efforts of some figures of the National awakening of Bulgaria ( the most notable among them being Neofit Rilski and Ivan Bogorov ), there had been many attempts to codify a standard Bulgarian language ; however, there was much argument surrounding the choice of norms.

By simply denying that an efficient first cause is problematic, being easily explained as the creative action of an omnipotent God, medieval theologians re-purposed and enhanced Aristotle's argument, as if the intention had been to prove God's existence.

There have been a number of criticisms of the argument.

Edmund Gettier is remembered for his 1963 argument, which called into question the theory of knowledge that had been dominant among philosophers for thousands of years.

The use of tabernacle terminology in Hebrews has been used to date the epistle before the destruction of the temple, the idea being that knowing about the destruction of both Jerusalem and the temple would have influenced the development of the author's overall argument to include such evidence.

Another argument in favor of an early dating is that the author seems unfamiliar with the Eucharist ritual ( had the author been familiar, it would have served as a great example ).

Although not an IAU standard, the ephemeris time argument T < sub > eph </ sub > has been in use at that institution since the 1960s.

However, proponents of the cruise missile counter that the same argument applies to other types of UAVs: they are cheaper than human pilots when total training and infrastructure costs are taken into account, not to mention the risk of loss of personnel.

The second argument they had was against the amount of land taken and unsatisfactory compensation offered in comparison.

Temporal logic must be taken into account when considering the modal ontological argument.

Aristotle in his Metaphysics argues for the existence of an " unmoved mover ", an argument taken up in medieval scholastics.

That way, an argument can be supported on whether or not action should be taken to alter the market structure or regulate market conduct.

If this argument holds, and facts are taken to be what true statements stand for, then we reach the counter-intuitive conclusion that there is only one fact-" the truth ".

* November 27, 1997: West Palm Beach, Florida Conniston Middle School 14-year-old John Kamel was fatally shot in the chest at 8: 40 a. m. outside school on a sidewalk by 14-year-old Tronneal Mangum after an argument over an Adidas watch that Mangum had taken from Kamel.

In this sense then, the Induction has a vital role to play in the controversy of the play, especially as it relates to misogyny, as, if Oliver's argument is accepted, it serves to undercut any charges of misogyny before they can even be formulated – the play is a farce, it is not to be taken seriously by the audience, so questions of seriousness regarding the play within the play simply aren't an issue.

This argument was decisively resolved in Deng's favor in late 1978, which is generally taken as the start of the era of Chinese economic reform.

According to this argument, if Hudson had had such a relationship, Christian would have had to have acquired HIV and AIDS if the repeated unprotected sexual activity claimed had taken place.

Arbuthnot returned to mathematics in 1710 with An argument for Divine Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the births of both sexes ( linked below ) in the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions, where he analysed birth data and demonstrated that males were born at a greater rate than females.

This argument of limitations also assumes perfect competition, ignores post-scarcity, ignores artificial scarcity, ignores government-granted monopoly and other real life factors typically taken into account by economists when dealing with these issues.

Here | z | is the absolute value or modulus of the complex number z ; θ, the argument of z, is usually taken on the interval 0 ≤ θ < 2π ; and the last equality ( to | z | e < sup > iθ </ sup >) is taken from Euler's formula.

Some say it is interesting to note that all the other people mentioned in the chronicle are real and this argument is often offered as evidence for the historicity of Arthur, Merlin and Mordred ; however, given that the entries, or at least the insertion of the names of Arthur and Merlin, could have been added arbitrarily as late as 970, long after the development of the early Arthurian myth, it cannot be taken as a particularly conclusive argument.

: G. J. Warnock's Foreword – Having taken a course from Austin on this topic at Oxford in 1947, Sir Geoffrey Warnock ( 1923-95 ) says he put Austin's fragmentary lecture notes into sentence form, with the help of class notes from later students of the course, and claims to relate faithfully Austin's " argument " though not his exact wording.

The different directions that these responses have taken are constrained by the structure of Gettier's argument: if knowledge is solely justified true belief, then there cannot be any cases of justified true belief that are not also cases of knowledge ; but Gettier claims that his counterexamples are cases of justified true belief without being cases of knowledge.

In practice this is argued to be because governments pay off debts by printing fiat money, increasing the money supply and creating inflation, and is taken further by some as an argument against fiat money and in favor of hard money, especially the gold standard.

Each of these works was based on some form of an argument taken in an earlier work British Education: Or, The source of the Disorders of Great Britain.

Instead they turn his argument on its head ( assuming it's valid ) and take it as a proof by contradiction where the possibility of motion is taken for granted.

These occasionalists ' negative argument, that no necessary connections could be discovered between mundane events, were echoed by certain arguments of Nicholas of Autrecourt in the fourteenth century, and were later taken up by David Hume in the eighteenth.

" What gives unity to Walker's polemic ," historian Paul Goodman has argued, " is the argument for racial equality and the active part to be taken by black people in achieving it.

The argument has also been taken as showing that both observations are theory-laden, and thus it is not possible to make truly independent observations.