The first issue was that the Albanian lek became revalued in terms of the Yugoslav dinar as a customs union was formed and Albania's economic plan was decided more by Yugoslavia.

Shortly thereafter, Yugoslavia became the first country to recognize Albania's provisional government.

The total length of Albania's roads more than doubled in the first three decades after World War II, and by the 1980s almost all of the country's remote mountain areas were connected, at least by dirt roads, with the capital city of Tirana and ports on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea.

Zog hoarded gold coins and precious stones, which were used to back Albania's first paper currency.

The Armenian historian of the region, Movses Kaghankatvatsi, who left the only more or less complete historical account, also explains the name Aghvank as a derivation from the word ału ( Armenian for sweet, soft, tender ), which, he said, was the nickname of Caucasian Albania's first governor Arran and referred to his lenient personality.

It became the terminus of Albania's first railway, begun in 1947.

The city became Albania's first capital but was invaded by Italy in 1914 and occupied until 1920.

Her awards include the first Pope John XXIII Peace Prize, the Philippines-based Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Pacem in Terris Award, an honorary Companion of the Order of Australia, the Order of Merit from both the United Kingdom and the United States, Albania's Golden Honour of the Nation, honorary degrees, the Balzan Prize, and the Albert Schweitzer International Prize amongst many others.

In April 2011, Bedër University, Albania's first Islamic university was opened in Tirana.

Albania's communist rulers abolished the monarchy in 1946, but, even in exile, the royal family insisted that Leka Zogu was Albania's legitimate ruler until his death on 30 November 2011.

When the war ended on 11 November 1918, Italy's army had occupied most of Albania ; Serbia held much of the country's northern mountains ; Greece occupied a sliver of land within Albania's 1913 borders ; and French forces occupied Korçë and Shkodër as well as other regions with sizable Albanian populations such as Kosovo.

Italy began penetration of Albania's economy in 1925, when Albania agreed to allow it to exploit its mineral resources.

In July 1953, Hoxha handed over the foreign affairs and defense portfolios to loyal followers, but he kept both the top party post and the premiership until 1954, when Shehu became Albania's prime minister.

It remained Albania's capital until February 11, 1920 when the Congress of Lushnjë made Tirana the new capital.

He remained in that position until the Communist government began to fall in 1991, when he resigned after mobs tore down the statue of Enver Hoxha, Albania's communist leader from the 1940s until the 1980s.

The Session concerned the problems that the new Albanian government would face following Albania's independence.

The country lacked a single recognized government, and Albanians feared, with justification, that Italy, Yugoslavia, and Greece would succeed in extinguishing Albania's independence and carve up the country.

In February 1920, the government moved to Tirana, which became Albania's capital.

Orthodox peasants in Albania's southern lowlands loathed Zogu because he supported the Muslim landowners ' efforts to block land reform ; Shkodër's citizens felt shortchanged because their city did not become Albania's capital, and nationalists were dissatisfied because Zogu's government did not press Albania's claims to Kosovo or speak up more energetically for the rights of the ethnic Albanian minorities in present-day Yugoslavia and Greece.

Starting in 1928, but especially during the Great Depression, the government of King Zog, which brought law and order to the country, began to cede Albania's sovereignty to Italy.

Zogu's principal ally during this period was Italy, which lent his government funds in exchange for a greater role in Albania's fiscal policy.

After the collapse of a coalition government in December 1991 and the Democratic Party of Albania's ( DPA ) landslide victory in the spring 1992 general election, he resigned as president on 3 April 1992.

* May 28 – Albania's general election of May 26 is declared unfair by international monitors, and the ruling Democratic Party under President Sali Berisha is charged by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe with rigging the elections.

Ismail Qemali declared Albania's independence in Vlorë on November 28, 1912, during the First Balkan War.

Soon Italians began taking positions in Albania's civil service, and Italian settlers were allowed into the country.

They began to concentrate primarily on securing and maintaining their power base by killing all their political adversaries, and secondarily on preserving Albania's independence and reshaping the country according to the precepts of Stalinism so they could remain in power.

Albania's Sunni Muslims break last ties with the disbanding Ottoman Empire and Constantinople, pledging primary allegiance to native country.

Therefore, the nation emerged as a Muslim-majority country after Albania's independence in November 1912.

* 1991 – A gigantic statue of Albania's long-time leader, Enver Hoxha, is brought down in the Albanian capital Tirana, by mobs of angry protesters.

Albania's political confusion continued in the wake of World War I.

The United States underscored its support for Albania's independence by recognizing an official Albanian representative to Washington, and in December the League of Nations recognized Albania's sovereignty by admitting it as a full member.

The king's loyalists disarmed all of Albania's tribes except for his own Mati tribesmen and their allies, the Dibra.

During the Italian occupation, Albania's population was subject to a policy of forced Italianization by the kingdom's Italian governors, in which the use of the Albanian language was discouraged in schools while the Italian language was promoted.

The parliament elected Albania's largest landowner, Shefqet Bej Verlaci, as Prime Minister.

The Germans did not exert heavy-handed control over Albania's administration.

In December 1943, a third resistance organization, an anticommunist, anti-German royalist group known as Legaliteti, took shape in Albania's northern mountains.

Led by Abaz Kupi, it largely consisted of Geg guerrillas, supplied mainly with weapons from the allies, who withdrew their support for the NLM after the communists renounced Albania's claims on Kosovo.

In May they called a congress of members of the National Liberation Front ( NLF ), as the movement was by then called ) at Përmet, which chose an Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation to act as Albania's administration and legislature.

The NLF's strong links with Yugoslavia's communists, who also enjoyed British military and diplomatic support, guaranteed that Belgrade would play a key role in Albania's postwar order.

No reliable statistics on Albania's wartime losses exist, but the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration reported about 30, 000 Albanian war dead, 200 destroyed villages, 18, 000 destroyed houses, and about 100, 000 people left homeless.

In the words " monarchy " and " oligarchy ", the second element arche ( ἀρχή ) means " rule ", " leading " or " being first ".

It commemorates the 1790 Fête de la Fédération, held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 ; the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille fortress-prison was seen as a symbol of the uprising of the modern nation, and of the reconciliation of all the French inside the constitutional monarchy which preceded the First Republic, during the French Revolution.

Historian Michael Lynch comments that " the Scottishness of Balmoral helped to give the monarchy a truly British dimension for the first time ".

In the latter, the battle was instrumental in forming the strong central monarchy that would characterize France until the first French Revolution.

Constitutional monarchy occurred first in continental Europe, briefly in the early years of the French revolution, but much more widely afterwards.

Napoleon Bonaparte is considered the first monarch proclaiming himself as an embodiment of the nation, rather than as a divinely-appointed ruler ; this interpretation of monarchy is germane to continental constitutional monarchies.

The English Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England ( 1649 – 53 ), and then with a Protectorate ( 1653 – 59 ), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule.

When Republican Rome turned into a de facto monarchy in the second half of the 1st century BC, at first there was no name for the title of the new type of monarch.

With an increasingly centralized monarchy, the first standing army since Roman times, and the use of artillery, France expelled the English from its territory and came out of the Middle Ages as the most powerful nation in Europe, only to lose that status to Spain following defeat in the Italian Wars.

They afforded his first contact with the Spanish monarchy that was to eventually appoint him court painter.

The symbol of Hercules was first adopted by the Old Regime to represent the monarchy.

Daoud abolished the monarchy, abrogated the 1964 constitution, and declared Afghanistan a republic with himself as its first President and Prime Minister.

A short-lived monarchy ( 1914 – 1925 ) was succeeded by an even shorter-lived first Albanian Republic ( 1925 – 1928 ), to be replaced by another monarchy ( 1928 – 1939 ), which was conquered into Fascist Italy during World War II.

The foundation of the first true urbanised Assyrian monarchy was traditionally ascribed to Ushpia a contemporary of Ishbi-Erra of Isin and Naplanum of Larsa.

* 1973 – Greeks vote to abolish the monarchy, beginning the first period of the Metapolitefsi.

Consequently, Britain encouraged the development of a constitutional monarchy, and the first Constitution was proclaimed in 1932.

Inspired by Sun's example, Mao penned his first political essay, which he stuck to the school wall ; later admitting that it was " somewhat muddled ", it involved a plan for overthrowing the monarchy and replacing it with a republic governed by the presidency of Sun, but with concessions made to the moderates by having Kang Youwei as premier and Liang Qichao as minister of foreign affairs.

The northern provinces had remained loyal to the Emperor, and hoping to avoid a civil war, Sun Yat-Sen – already proclaimed " provisional president " by his supporters – had come to a compromise with the Emperor's key ally Yuan Shikai ( 1859 – 1916 ); the monarchy would be abolished, and Late Imperial China would be converted into a new Republic of China, but it would be the royalist Yuan and not the revolutionary Sun who would become its first President.

Despite the overthrow of the monarchy in 1917, the former Dowager Empress Maria at first refused to leave Russia.

The 1994 election defeat of the Nepali Congress Party by the Communist Party of Nepal ( Unified Marxist-Leninist ) ( CPN ( UML )) made Nepal the first communist-led monarchy in Asia, with Man Mohan Adhikary prime minister.

* 1966 – Michel Micombero overthrows the monarchy of Burundi and makes himself the first president.

In the latter, the battle was instrumental in forming the strong central monarchy that would characterise France until the first French Revolution.

They adopted the term (" the Third Empire " – usually rendered in English in the partial-translation " the Third Reich "), first used in a 1923 novel by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, that counted the mediaeval Holy Roman Empire as the first and the 1871-1918 monarchy as the second, which was then to be followed by a " reinvigorated " third one.