Bishop Albert of Riga ( Albert of Buxhoeveden ) founded the military order of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (, ) in 1202 ; Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204.

Albert, bishop of Riga ( or Prince-Bishop of Livonia ), founded the Brotherhood to aid the Bishopric of Riga in the conversion of the pagan Curonians, Livonians, Semigallians, and Latgalians living on the shores of the Gulf of Riga.

The founding by Bishop Albert of the market at Riga in 1201 attracted citizens from the Empire and economic prosperity ensued.

Although the Curonians had attacked Riga in 1201 and 1210, Albert of Buxhoeveden, considering Courland a tributary of Valdemar II of Denmark, had been reluctant to conduct a large scale campaign against them.

* The town of Riga is chartered as a city by Bishop Albert, who landed on the site of the town with 1, 500 crusaders earlier that year.

The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (, ) were a military order founded by Bishop Albert of Riga in 1202.

Albert, Bishop of Riga ( or Prince-Bishop of Livonia ), founded the Brotherhood in 1202 to aid the Bishopric of Livonia in the conversion of the pagan Livonians, Latgalians and Selonians living across the ancient trade routes from the Gulf of Riga eastwards.

It became the see of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek established by Albert of Riga in 1228, part of the Terra Mariana.

Albert of Riga on the facade of Riga Cathedral.

Together with merchants from the Baltic island of Gotland, Albert founded Riga in 1201, where a small community of Hanseatic traders from Lübeck held a tentative trading encampment.

Albert declared his diocese independent of Bremen, and later Riga was raised to an archbishopric.

Albert died in Riga in 1229, but, as a Catholic Bishop, left no descendants.

Albert Street in Riga is named after Bishop Albert.

Furthermore he claims that Bishop Theoderich, already co-initiator of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Livonia, had the idea of starting a similar order in Estonia ; and that he was the original instigator of the inquiry from Bishop Albert of Buxhoeveden to King Valdemar II in 1218, that set the whole Danish participation in the Baltic crusades in motion.

The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia from the 1220s gives a firsthand account of the Christianization of Livonia, granted as a fief by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor, de facto but not known as the King of Germany, Philip of Swabia, to Bishop Albert of Buxthoeven, nephew of the Hartwig II, Archbishop of Bremen, who sailed with a convoy of ships filled with armed crusaders to carve out a Catholic territory in the east during the Livonian Crusade.

* The third book, " On bishop Albert " describes events between 1198 and 1208: the arrival of third bishop of Ikšķile, Albert of Buxhoeveden, the foundation of the Christian knightly order of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the conquest and dividing of Livonian territories between the Bishopric of Livonia and the Order, the wars with the Princes of Polotsk and Lithuanians, conquest of the Principality of Koknese and the country of Selonians.

Albert was a canon in Bremen when his uncle Hartwig, Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, named him Bishop of Livonia, provided that he could conquer and hold it, and convince the pagan inhabitants to become Christians.

King Philip made him a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, with Livonia for a fief, and thus Albert became a " Prince-Bishop ".

A first-hand account of Albert is in the contemporary Chronicle of Henry of Livonia ( Henricus Lettus ').

In 1525 Plettenberg refused to convert himself to Lutheranism and to become a secular ruler of Livonia as the Grand Master Albert in Prussia had done.

Seal of Archbishop Albert Suerbeer of Prussia ( region ) | Prussia, Livonia, and Estonia.

Albert Camus (; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960 ) was an algerian born author, journalist, and philosopher.

Albert the Bear (; c. 1100 – 18 November 1170 ) was the first Margrave of Brandenburg ( as Albert I ) from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.

Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.

# John Albert (; 25 May 1612 22 December 1634 )

( Karl Albert ) Bertel Thorvaldsen (; ca.

Albert François Lebrun (; 1871 – 1950 )

Albert William " Al " Kaline (; born December 19, 1934 in Baltimore, Maryland ) is a former Major League Baseball right fielder.

The Prussian Homage or Tribute (; ) was the formal investment of Albert of Prussia as duke of the Polish fief of Ducal Prussia.

The Gothic Line (; ) formed Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's last major line of defence in the final stages of World War II along the summits of the Apennines during the fighting retreat of German forces in Italy against the Allied Armies in Italy commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander.

Albert Habib Hourani (; March 31, 1915 – January 17, 1993 ) was a British-Lebanese historian, specializing in the Middle East.

Albert Fred " Red " Schoendienst (; born February 2, 1923 ) is an American Major League Baseball coach, former player and manager, and 10-time All-star.

Albert Memmi (; born December 15, 1920 ) is a Tunisian Jewish writer and essayist who migrated to France.

Albert Reichmann (; born 1929 ) is a Canadian businessman.

Albert VI of Bavaria (; 26 February 1584 – 5 July 1666 ) son of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata of Lorraine, born and died in Munich.

Albert Speer (; born 29 July 1934 in Berlin ) is a German architect and urban planner.

Richard Albert " Dick " Vermeil (; born October 30, 1936 ) is a former American head coach for the National Football League's Philadelphia Eagles ( 1976 – 1982 ), St. Louis Rams ( 1997 – 1999 ) and Kansas City Chiefs ( 2001 – 2005 ).

Albert Lamorisse (; 13 January 1922 – 2 June 1970 ) was a French filmmaker, film producer, and writer, who is best known for his award winning short films which he began making in the late 1940s, and also for inventing the famous strategic board game Risk in 1957.

Albert Nikolayevich Shiryaev (; born October 12, 1934 ) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician.

* Guide to the Elements – Revised Edition, Albert Stwertka, ( Oxford University Press ; 1998 ) ISBN 0-19-508083-1

Because of his bellicose nature Albert received the cognomen Alcibiades after his death ; during his lifetime Albert was known as Bellator ( the Warlike ).

Albert was a loyal vassal of his relation, Lothar I, Duke of Saxony, from whom, about 1123, he received the Margraviate of Lusatia, to the east ; after Lothar became King of the Germans, he accompanied him on a disastrous expedition to Bohemia in 1126, when he suffered a short imprisonment.

Three years he was occupied in campaigns against the Slavic Wends, who as pagans were considered fair game, and whose subjugation to Christianity was the aim of the Wendish Crusade of 1147 in which Albert took part ; diplomatic measures were more successful, and by an arrangement made with the last of the Wendish princes of Brandenburg, Pribislav of the Hevelli, Albert secured this district when the prince died in 1150.

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

This proposal, which was understandably appealing to Albert, had already been discussed by some of his relatives ; but it was necessary to proceed cautiously, and he assured Pope Adrian VI that he was anxious to reform the Order and punish the knights who had adopted Lutheran doctrines.

After some delay Sigismund assented to the offer, with the provision that Prussia should be treated as a Polish fiefdom ; and after this arrangement had been confirmed by a treaty concluded at Kraków, Albert pledged a personal oath to Sigismund I and was invested with the duchy for himself and his heirs on 10 February 1525.

* Grayson, Albert Kirk ( 1975 ): Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles ( ABC ), Locust Valley, N. Y., Augustin ; reed.

The portraits include Cardinal-Elector Albert of Mainz ; Frederick the Wise, elector of Saxony ; the humanist scholar Willibald Pirckheimer ; Philipp Melanchthon, and Erasmus of Rotterdam.

Among these have been many writers, artists and musicians ; these include Pulitzer Prize-winning and Nobel Laureate Saul Bellow, Andrei Bely, Joseph Beuys, Owen Barfield, Wassily Kandinsky, Nobel Laureates Selma Lagerlöf and Albert Schweitzer, Andrei Tarkovsky, Bruno Walter, and Right Livelihood Award winner Ibrahim Abouleish.

Albert Lawrence Brooks ( born Albert Lawrence Einstein ; July 22, 1947 ) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian, and director.

Albert Frederick (, ; 7 May 1553 Königsberg – 28 August 1618 Fischhausen ) was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death.

In Eger ( Cheb ) on 11 November 1464 Albert married Zdenka ( Sidonie ), daughter of George of Podebrady, King of Bohemia ; but failed to obtain the Bohemian Crown on the death of George in 1471.

Pablo Picasso's style and name are known even to people who are not interested in art ; likewise many know that Harry Houdini was an illusionist, Bill Gates, an entrepreneur, Albert Einstein a scientist ; Mozart and Beethoven classical composers ; Luciano Pavarotti an opera singer.

FBI records show that 85 % of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed " subversive ," including communist and socialist organizations ; organizations and individuals associated with the civil rights movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations ; black nationalist groups ; the American Indian Movement ; a broad range of organizations labeled " New Left ", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen ; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation ; the National Lawyers Guild ; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement ; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement ; and additional notable Americans — even Albert Einstein, who was a member of several civil rights groups, came under FBI surveillance during the years just prior to COINTELPRO's official inauguration .< ref >