Alexander's other important reforms included introduction of local self-government ( Zemstvo ) for the rural districts and towns, reform of the judiciary, and of the military service.

This meant that Alexander's legitimacy was gaining strength, as soon proved by the fact that other monarchs, such as the king of France and King Henry II of England, recognized his authority.

However, Alexander's policies later encountered opposition from other European powers stemming from developments in Italy and Germany, where Fascists and Nazis rose to power, and the Soviet Union, where Joseph Stalin became absolute ruler.

Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch, Seleucia and many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake.

He argued that A Shrew was simply too different from The Shrew to come under the bad quarto banner, unlike Alexander's other examples of bad quartos The First part of the Contention betwixt the two famous Houses of Yorke and Lancaster and The True Tragedy of Richard Duke of Yorke.

Miller argues that Alexander's suggestion in 1969 that the reporter became confused, and introduced elements from other plays is unlikely, and instead suggests an adapter at work ( whom he refers to as the ' compiler '), writing in the romantic comedy tradition ; " the most economic explanation of indebtedness is that whoever compiled A Shrew borrowed the lines from Shakespeare's The Shrew, or a version of it, and adapted them.

Several other of Alexander's generals ( known together as the Diadochi ( Latin ; original Greek Διάδοχοι / Diadokhoi " successors ")) later conspired to remove Antigonus, and after defeating him the area was given to Thessalian general Lysimachus ( Lysimakhos ) ( circa 355 BC-281 BC ) in 301 BC as his share of the lands.

After Alexander's death, when the other senior Macedonian officers unloaded their " Susa wives " en masse, Seleucus was one of the very few who kept his, and Apama remained his consort and later Queen for the rest of her life.

Chandragupta Maurya ( known in Greek sources as Sandrökottos ), founder of the Mauryan empire, had conquered the Indus valley and several other parts of the easternmost regions of Alexander's empire.

The other parts of the country the Hydaspes, the farthest extent of Alexander's conquests were discovered and surveyed by Seleucus Nicator: namely

The cultural dominance of the Athenian Empire and the later adoption of Attic Greek by king Philip II of Macedon ( 382-336 BC ), father of the conqueror Alexander the Great, were the two keys that ensured the eventual victory of Attic over other Greek dialects and the spread of its descendant, Koine, throughout Alexander's Hellenic empire.

But he does not discuss Alexander's wider political views or other aspects of his life that the modern reader would like to know more about.

Arrian's other works preserve the philosophy of Epictetus in Discourses of Epictetus ( c. 108 AD ), and include the Indica a description of Nearchus ' voyage from India following Alexander's conquest, and other short works.

In the royal cemetery, while other monarchs simply have the inscription " King of the Hellenes, Prince of Denmark ", Alexander's reads " Alexander, son of the King of the Hellenes, Prince of Denmark.

Callisthenes wrote an account of Alexander's expedition up to the time of his own execution, a history of Greece from the Peace of Antalcidas ( 387 ) to the Phocian war ( 357 ), a history of the Phocian war, and other works, all of which have perished.

However, his account of Alexander's expedition was preserved long enough to be mined as a direct or indirect source for other histories that have survived.

Companion cavalry, and was entrusted with many other tasks through Alexander's ten-year campaign in Asia, including

No concise biography has ever been written about him, likely stemming from the fact that he died before Alexander and none of those among Alexander's companions who survived him would have had a need to promote someone other than themselves.

His name is not mentioned in lists of high-ranking officers during the early battles of Alexander's Danube campaign ( 335 BC ), or the invasion of Persia, and nor are the names of Alexander's other close friends and contemporaries, suggesting that their promotions, when they achieved them, were earned by merit.

This dual appointment was a way of satisfying two divergent shades of opinion now hardening throughout the army, one, like Hephaestion, broadly supportive of Alexander's policy of integration, and the other, that of Philip's older veterans in particular, whose implacable resentment of Persian ways was well represented by Cleitus.

No other circumstance shows better the nature and length of their relationship than Alexander's overwhelming grief at Hephaestion's death.

As Andrew Chugg says, "... it is surely incredible that Alexander's reaction to Hephaestion's death could indicate anything other than the closest relationship imaginable.

Plutarch says "... Alexander's grief was uncontrollable ..." and adds that he ordered many signs of mourning, notably that the manes and tails of all horses should be shorn, the demolition of the battlements of the neighbouring cities, and the banning of flutes and every other kind of music.

Between the two, they have four children, Alexander's son — Jace, a television director — and Sherin's three sons — Tony, Geoffrey, and Jon.

In 1966, the BBC aired Alexander's Ragtime Band on television and soon other Faye films followed.

In 1938, Sergei Eisenstein made one of his most acclaimed films, Alexander Nevsky, on Alexander's victory over the Teutonic Knights.

Due to the years of racial segregation in the entertainment world, he was not widely known by white audiences, and had almost exclusively performed on the " chitlin ' circuit " of vaudeville, theatres, and night clubs and appeared in several race films, including William D. Alexander's 1949 revue film Burlesque in Harlem, which documented the chitlin ' circuit.

His wide-eyed, good-natured expression landed him supporting roles in musical feature films like Poor Little Rich Girl with Shirley Temple, Higher and Higher with Frank Sinatra and the Irving Berlin musical Alexander's Ragtime Band.

He appeared in such films as Alexander's Ragtime Band ( 1938 ), as the title character in The Story of Alexander Graham Bell ( 1939 ).

The film was nominated for the Golden Groundhog Award for Best Underground Movie, other nominated films were Lexi Alexander's Green Street Hooligans, Rodrigo García's Nine Lives, the award winning baseball documentary Up for Grabs and Opie Gets Laid.

In these years, he starred in romantic comedies such as Thin Ice and Day-Time Wife ; in dramas such as Suez, Blood and Sand, Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake, The Rains Came, and In Old Chicago ; in the musicals, Alexander's Ragtime Band, Second Fiddle, and Rose of Washington Square ; in the westerns, Jesse James ( 1939 ) and Brigham Young ; in the war films, A Yank in the R. A. F.

Other series discarded the continuities of previously released films and began a reboot, most notably Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins ( 2005 ) as well as Louis Leterrier's The Incredible Hulk ( 2008 ) and Lexi Alexander's Punisher: War Zone ( 2008 ).

Alexander's film credits include supporting roles with stars such as Tom Hanks, Steve Martin, and Jim Carrey Jason Siegle, in such films as Roxanne ( 1987 ) and Punchline ( 1988 ) and Forgetting Sarah Marshall.

Alexander's work has widely influenced architects ; those that acknowledge his influence include Sarah Susanka, among others.

Alexander's published works include:

Specific elements incorporated within Alexander's books include the Cauldron of the Undead, as well as adapted versions of important figures in the Mabinogion such as Prince Gwydion and Arawn, Lord of the Dead.

Alexander's additional screen credits include All the President's Men ( 1976 ), Kramer vs. Kramer ( 1979 ), and Testament ( 1983 ), all of which earned her Oscar nods, Brubaker ( 1980 ), The Cider House Rules ( 1999 ), and Fur ( 2006 ), in which she played Gertrude Nemerov, mother of Diane Arbus, played in the film by Nicole Kidman.

" Alexander's other books include Railway Practice ( 1887 ) and Catterel, Ratterel ( Doggerel ) ( 1888 ).

The Moralia include On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great — an important adjunct to his Life of the great general — On the Worship of Isis and Osiris ( a crucial source of information on Egyptian religious rites ), and On the Malice of Herodotus ( which may, like the orations on Alexander's accomplishments, have been a rhetorical exercise ), in which Plutarch criticizes what he sees as systematic bias in the Father of History's work ; along with more philosophical treatises, such as On the Decline of the Oracles, On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance, On Peace of Mind and lighter fare, such as Odysseus and Gryllus, a humorous dialog between Homer's Odysseus and one of Circe's enchanted pigs.

In their 1928 edition of the play for the New Shakespeare, Arthur Quiller-Couch and John Dover Wilson wholeheartedly supported Alexander's theory, which has remained popular ever since.

After a two-year absence when he was with the U. S. Army ( 1953 – 1954 ), he returned to Gateway in its 1955 summer season, playing: Eddie Davis in Ronald Alexander's Time Out For Ginger ( July 1955 ), Hal Carter in William Inge's Picnic ( July 1955 ), Charles Wilder in John Willard's The Cat And The Canary ( August 1955 ), Paris in Arthur Miller's The Crucible ( August 1955 ), and John the Witchboy in William Berney and Howard Richardson's Dark Of The Moon ( September 1955 ).

*" Alexander's Ragtime Band " ( Victor, 1911 ) performed by Arthur Collins & Byron Harlan